Focusing on improving the overall quality and efficiency of wheat, according to the fertilizer requirement of different types of wheat and soil fertility in wheat field, on the basis of increasing the input of organic fertilizer, high-quality wheat field is focused on effectively regulating nitrogen fertilizer application technology, and generally high-yield field control nitrogen Stabilized phosphorus and potassium increased, and the middle-aged field stabilized nitrogen and increased phosphorus to target potassium fertilizer.
First, the main points of fertilization technology (1), ordinary wheat should continue to increase the application of organic fertilizer, rational application of nitrogen fertilizer, stable application of phosphate fertilizer, increase of potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. It is required to apply more than 3.5 square meters of organic fertilizer. High-fertility plot (over 400-500 kg per mu) Nitrogen application 20 kg/mu, phosphorus 7 kg/mu, potassium 5 kg/mu (isolated ammonium carbonate 118 kg, superphosphate 60 kg, potassium sulfate or Potassium hydride (15 kg), organic fertilizer 4.5 square meters / acre; medium fertility plots throughout the growing period of nitrogen application 17 kg / mu, phosphorus 7 kg / mu, potassium 5 kg / mu (equivalent to carbon ammonium 100 kg, superphosphate 60 Kilograms, potassium sulphate or potassium hydride 15 kg), organic fertilizer 4 square meters / acre; medium and low fertility plots throughout the growth period of nitrogen application 14 kg / acre, phosphorus 6 kg / acre (equivalent to ammonium carbonate 80 kg, superphosphate 50 Kg), organic fertilizer 3 square meters / acre. The organic fertilizer is uniformly applied to the bottom, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers, which can cover 60-70% of the bottom, 40-30% of the sprinkling head, so that the whole soil layer is evenly distributed; the nitrogen fertilizer changes the previous application method and is changed to 4:4:2 The application method is 40% as the base fertilizer, 40% as the first top dressing, 20% as the second top dressing in the booting stage, and the basic principle of “adapting to local conditions, classification guidance, and staged application” should be mastered in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The late sowing period, the weaker wheat field, after the three-leaf period, 5 kg of urea per acre to promote tillering; the spring topdressing is divided into two applications, the first time in the re-greening joint period (mainly ammonium bicarbonate); Secondly from the booting to the flag-raising period (mainly urea). The top dressing method adopts the hole application or the ditch application method to avoid the application and timely watering after application.
Late root dressing is an effective measure to increase the 1000-grain weight of wheat. It is generally carried out from mid-April to early May. 1-2% urea solution is sprayed on the wheat field with premature aging; 0.2-0.4% phosphoric acid is sprayed on the wheat field with more nitrogen fertilizer. Potassium dihydrogen solution; for microbial field, spray micro-fertilizer, zinc sulfate solution concentration is 0.1-0.3%, borax or boric acid solution concentration is 0.1-0.2%, and manganese sulfate is 0.05-0.1% The ammonium molybdate is 0.02-0.05%. The outer and outer spray fertilizers are required to be sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves. The spraying amount is 40-75 kg per mu. The spraying time is preferably after 4 pm.
(B), high-quality strong gluten wheat strong gluten wheat nitrogen demand, strong nitrogen absorption in the middle and late, nitrogen conversion is fast. According to the characteristics of fertilizer demand, based on the common wheat fertilization technology, adjust the bottom-to-earth ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, implement the method of pre-nitrogen post-shift, stabilize phosphorus and potassium, and stage topdressing to increase the yield of strong gluten wheat and improve the quality of wheat.
1. Adjust the bottom-to-bottom ratio of nitrogen fertilizer: 60% for nitrogen fertilizer, 35% for topdressing, and 5% for foliar application.
2. Pre-nitrogen post-shifting, staging and topdressing: In the case of suitable soil moisture, the land should be suitable for the general conditions of the soil and the seedlings. The first fertilizer in spring should be postponed to the beginning of the jointing stage, and 15-20 kg of urea should be applied per acre combined with watering. For the land with poor soil fertility and weak seedlings, the first fertilizer in spring can be advanced to the starting period; for the higher ground and the seedlings are more prosperous, the fertilizer can be delayed until the end of the jointing.
3. In the middle and late period, the application of enhanced fertilizer: the absorption capacity of strong gluten wheat in the middle and late growth period is obviously higher than that of the general variety, so it should be applied 5-7 kg per mu in the combination of watering from the booting stage to the heading and flowering stage. It is also possible to spray 2-3% urea solution (plus 0.5%-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) on the foliar surface during the opening period, and spray 50-60 kg per acre. Applying a small amount of fertilizer after the booting stage can reduce the degradation of florets, increase the number of grains per spike, increase the protein content of grain, and increase the quantity and quality of gluten. Therefore, the management of fertilizer in the middle and late stages of strong gluten wheat is to improve the quality of wheat cultivation. A key measure, but the fertilizer should not be too late in this period, the soil fertilization is not later than the flowering period, and the foliar application is generally no later than the filling period. If it is too late, it will not be able to exert its fertilizer effect. Second, it will easily lead to plantage and late maturity.
4, spraying rare earth fertilizer: high-quality wheat can be sprayed with rare earth fertilizer after foliar application, the concentration is 0.03%, a total of 2-3 sprays.

Huaxian County Agricultural Products Inspection and Testing Center Chang Bili
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Oil Drilling Rig

With the continuous development of drilling production, the use conditions of drilling rigs have become more and more diversified, and various types of drilling rigs have appeared accordingly. Factors affecting the type and composition of drilling rigs include drilling method, drilling depth, borehole size and drilling tool size, and drilling area conditions (such as electricity or fuel, transportation, and meteorological conditions).
1. According to drilling method
(1) Impact drilling rigs, such as wire rope impact drilling rigs (drilling rigs), vibration drilling rigs, etc.
(2) Rotary drilling rigs, such as those used in rotary drilling.
(3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary drilling tools, turbo drilling tools, screw drilling tools, electric drilling tools, etc.
2. Divided by drilling depth
(1) Ultra-deep well drilling rig. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of more than 7000 meters, and a maximum hook load of more than 4,500 kN.
(2) Deep well drilling rig. The drill rod is 114 mm in diameter, the nominal drilling depth is 4000-7000 meters or more, and the maximum hook load is 2250-4500 kN or more.
(3) Drilling rigs for medium and deep wells. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of 1500-4000 meters or more, and a maximum hook load of 900-2250 kN or more.
Three, according to power equipment
(1) Diesel Engine-driven drilling rigs, which use diesel engines as power through mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission.
(2) AC driven drilling rig, suitable for use in oil fields with industrial power grids.
(3) The drilling rig is driven by direct current, and the working unit is driven by a direct current motor.
Fourth, according to the driving mode
(1) Drive alone. Each working machine is driven by generators of different sizes, which are mostly used for electric drive. The transmission is simple and easy to install, but the power utilization rate is low and the total equipment mass is large.
(2) Unified drive. The three working units of drawworks, drilling Pump and turntable are driven by the same power unit. Most drilling rigs use this scheme. The unified drive can also include only one drilling pump, and the other drilling pump is driven separately. The unified drive drilling rig has high power utilization and can be adjusted mutually when the engine fails, but the transmission is complicated, installation and adjustment are troublesome, and the transmission efficiency is low.
(3) Group drive. The combination of power is between individual drive and unified drive. There are two options for three working machines. The power utilization rate of this kind of drilling rig is higher than that of a single drive, and the transmission ratio is simple to drive in a unified manner. Two sets of working machines can also be installed on different heights and scattered sites.

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