Modern computer numerical control machine tools are composed of control medium, input and output equipment, computer numerical control device, servo system and machine body. 1, control medium Zhejiang minmetals huitong import and export Co., Ltd , https://www.zjminmetals.com
CNC machine tool working principle diagram
Control medium, also known as information carrier, is an intermediate medium between humans and CNC machine tools, reflecting all the information in CNC machining. Currently used are perforated tapes, tapes or disks.
2, input and output devices
It is a device that the CNC system interacts with external devices. The interactive information is usually a part processing program. The part processing program to be prepared on the control medium is input into the CNC system or the debugged part processing program is stored or recorded on the corresponding control medium through the output device.
3, numerical control device
The CNC device is the core of automatic machining of CNC machine tools. It is mainly composed of computer system, position control board, PLC interface board, communication interface board, special function module and corresponding control software.
Function: According to the input part processing program (such as motion track processing, machine tool input and output processing, etc.), and then output control commands to the corresponding execution components (servo unit, drive unit, PLC, etc.), all of which are The hardware and software in the CNC device coordinate and cooperate, so that the whole system can work in an orderly manner.
4, the servo system
It is the electric drive connection between the CNC system and the machine body, and is mainly composed of servo motor, drive control system and position detection feedback device. The servo motor is the actuator of the system, and the drive control system is the power source of the servo motor. The command signal sent by the numerical control system is compared with the position feedback signal and then used as the displacement command. After the power amplification of the drive system, the moving parts of the machine tool are driven to be accurately positioned or moved according to the specified trajectory and feed speed, so that the machine tool can meet the requirements of the pattern. Parts.
5, detection feedback system
The measurement feedback system consists of the detection component and the corresponding circuit. Its function is to detect the actual position and speed of the machine tool, and feed it back to the numerical control device for comparison and correction with the command information to form a closed loop control of the system.
6, the machine body
The machine tool body refers to the mechanical mechanism of the CNC machine tool, including the mechanical components such as the bed, the spindle and the feed mechanism. Since the CNC machine tool is a high-precision and high-productivity automatic machine tool, it should have better rigidity and vibration resistance than the conventional ordinary machine tool, the relative motion coefficient of friction is small, and the gap between the transmission parts is small, and Drive and shifting systems are easy to automate.