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According to Xinhua News Agency (Reporter Li Keyong), on April 18 this year, the “Harmony†localized EMUs were launched in the Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the main trunk lines. According to relevant persons from the Ministry of Railways, China has fully mastered the 9 key technologies of EMU and 10 major supporting technologies. The localization degree of the 200km/h EMU has reached more than 70%.
These results were achieved thanks to the “strategic buyer†strategy. Only the first EMU bidding negotiations saved China 9 billion yuan in procurement costs. In the meantime, due to the overconfidence of Siemens, the president lost his chance to win the bid. The president resigned and the negotiating team in China was dismissed. The stock fell sharply the next day.
"Strategic buyers" drive down the introduction price
According to reports, the Chinese side adopted the "strategic buyer" strategy in the negotiations, that is, first gathered together dozens of domestic train production companies, stating that the introduction of EMU technology is related to national and national interests, clearly only by the Quartet shares and The two companies of Changke Co., Ltd. negotiated with foreign manufacturers, and other companies were not allowed to contact foreign parties. Attracted by “our biggest bargaining chip – the unique market advantage of China Railwaysâ€, foreign manufacturers have to cut prices.
"Our biggest bargaining chip is the unique market advantage of China Railways." Zhang Shuguang, deputy chief engineer of the Ministry of Railways, said that during the '11th Five-Year Plan period, China Railway will build a passenger dedicated line of 200 kilometers per hour and above and 7,000 kilometers of intercity rail transit. In recent years, Japan has only built more than 300 kilometers of high-speed rail, and the world's high-speed rail operating mileage is only 6,763 kilometers. The railway market in developed countries is close to saturation. Foreign high-speed train giants have to agree to transfer technology."
After the innovation, the new car will go offline next year.
According to industry analysts, the introduction of EMUs not only brings products and technologies, but more importantly, it has greatly improved the R&D and operation level of domestic technicians and laid the foundation for further innovation in the future. Liu Zhitai, deputy chief engineer of Changke Group, and Deng Xiaojun, a designer of Sifang, said that the technical training of the foreign company was as small as a special bolt, which left an impression on the Chinese technicians.
Since the introduction, the EMU has taken the route designed jointly with the foreign party. Instead of copying the foreign products intact, it has re-innovated to make it more suitable for China's national conditions.
Dong Xiaofeng, chairman of Changke Co., Ltd., told reporters that although the long-term introduction of Alstom's technology, the prototype has been extensively modified, almost equivalent to the design of a new car. For example, the prototype car has a width of only 2.9 meters, which is difficult to meet the requirements of domestic mass transit. The Chinese side has increased the width to 3.3 meters, and has a row of seats. The type 5 car that has been put into operation on the Beijing-Harbin line, the whole vehicle patent belongs to China.
One of the most striking examples is that Sifang has successfully achieved re-innovation after the introduction of Japan's 200-kilometre EMU. It has the ability to independently design and manufacture 300-kilometer-class EMUs, and related products are expected to go offline next year.
-problem
1 Have you mastered the core technology?
China fully grasps nine key technologies
Does China have the "core technology" of high-speed trains? Which technologies are considered core technologies in this field?
Zhang Shuguang, deputy chief engineer of the Ministry of Railways, said that there are nine core technologies that can be summarized into five major areas: train assembly, high-speed bogie, car body, traction drive control, braking system and network control. This is the conclusion drawn after extensive consultation. The core technology of the "Harmony" EMU comes from foreign companies such as Alstom, Siemens, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Bombardier, etc. What is the current domestic technical mastery? Zhang Shuguang said that after nearly three years of digestion and absorption, China has completely mastered the 9 key technologies of EMU and 10 major supporting technologies. The localization degree of the 200km/h EMU has reached more than 70%. A total of 160 trains were purchased at this level, of which only 6 were imported, and 12 were imported domestically. The other 142 were all manufactured by domestic companies with foreign technology.
2 How to get the core technology?
China's overall strategic control negotiation initiative
Why can high-speed trains get the key technology abroad?
Wang Zhiguo, deputy director of the Ministry of Railways, said that in theory, the huge Chinese market has an irresistible appeal to any technology owner, but if the market is divided into small pieces, different stakeholders will attack each other, which will greatly reduce their respective The weight is easily broken by opponents. In view of this, the Ministry of Railways has fully utilized the strategy of “strategic buyersâ€. Zhang Shuguang, who presided over the entire negotiations, described this as "using a large wall to closely enclose all the resources in the country and only leave a small door for the foreign side." In this way, the Chinese side has always firmly grasped the initiative at the negotiating table with two companies for the four companies.
- case
Overconfident Siemens out
Chinese purchase strategy makes arrogant Siemens forced to cut prices when bidding twice
According to reports, in 2004, Germany's Siemens company participated in the first EMU tender, very confident that China will definitely choose it, so the price of the price: 350 million yuan per prototype car, technology transfer fee 390 million euros.
Until the last night, Siemens still refused to give in.
The Chinese negotiator said that if the technology transfer fee does not fall below 150 million euros, the prototype car price will not drop below 250 million yuan, and you must be out this time. The chief negotiator of Siemens arrogantly asked: "Is it possible?" It was midnight.
On the second day, Alstom, Kawasaki and Bombardier won the opportunity to cooperate with Chinese companies, and Siemens went out. Immediately, Siemens stocks plunged, the president resigned, and his Chinese negotiating team collectively dismissed. In the second year, Siemens bidding again, not only reduced the price of each prototype to 250 million yuan, but also transferred key technologies at a low price of 80 million euros.
"Only this one project, a total of 60 trains, after the calculation, we saved about 9 billion yuan in procurement costs." Zhang Shuguang said, "concentrate the power to do big things" strategy, so that China has realized the low-cost technology introduction of EMU, The purchase price of the whole vehicle is 14% lower than that of Spain, 20% lower than South Korea and 40% lower than Taiwan.