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1. Bear the load, transverse force and longitudinal horizontal force transmitted from the rail, and distribute them evenly on the track bed;
2. Connect the two rails together to fix the rail position and keep a certain distance (gauge);
3. Fix the direction of the railway so that the railway will not have longitudinal and transverse displacement due to the force
2007 is known as energy-saving emission reduction years. As the result of energy saving in 2006 is not optimistic, China has not achieved the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 4% and reducing the total discharge of major pollutants by 2%. As a result, a new round of "energy saving Emission reduction "storm. At the end of the year, the Central Economic Work Conference made it clear that ensuring major progress in energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the major tasks in economic work in 2008. Experts point out that in urban construction, "saving energy and reducing consumption" should start with building energy conservation and should vigorously promote scientific use of energy in the field of building energy consumption. Surface soils and bodies of water are huge solar collectors that collect 47% of the solar radiation energy, more than 500 times the annual use of mankind (subsurface water is indirectly exposed to solar radiation through the soil); it is another Huge dynamic energy balance system, the surface of the soil and water to maintain the natural energy to accept and the relative balance of divergence. Ground source heat pump is a use of the Earth's solar energy resources stored as a source of cold and heat, energy conversion heating and cooling air conditioning system, ground source heat pump using a clean renewable energy technology. The success of ground-source heat pump technology makes it possible to utilize near-infinite solar energy or ground stored in it. In the past decade or so, especially in the past five years, ground source heat pump air conditioning systems have achieved rapid development in North America such as the United States, Canada, Central and Northern Europe such as Switzerland and Sweden, and the ground source heat pump market in China has also become increasingly active. It is expected that this technology will be the most effective heating and cooling air-conditioning technology in the 21st century. Chapter 1: Technical Description Concept Ground source heat pump technology is a technology that uses underground shallow geothermal resources (also known as ground source energy, including soil, groundwater, surface water, river water, sea water, lakes, etc.) while building heating, cooling and Living hot water triple for the efficient energy-saving air-conditioning technology. Ground source heat pump through the input of a small amount of high-grade energy (such as electricity), ground source can be used as a heat pump in summer cooling cooling source, heating and heating in winter low-temperature heat source. That is to say, in winter, the heat in the ground energy is taken out to raise the temperature and then supplied to the room for heating. In summer, the indoor heat is taken out and released to the ground. Technical principles A, ground source heat pump refrigeration and air conditioning: the ground source for the condenser cooling source, the output in the evaporator of low temperature chilled water used in building air conditioning or production process of low temperature cooling water. B, ground source heat pump heating, heating: ground source heat pump for building heating or heating, the heat required from the condenser, the ground source as a low temperature heat source into the evaporator. C, ground source heat pump cooling, heating: air conditioning season in summer, the need for cooling at the same time need to provide domestic hot water, ground source heat pump will be able to provide the required air conditioning and heat required for hot water. Technical index Ground energy (soil, groundwater) Temperature: 11-30 ℃ Cooling temperature: 7-9 ℃ Heating temperature:> 55 ℃ (heating),> 50 ℃ (hot water) Cooling and heating efficiency:> 4.2 Technical advantages Energy-efficient ground-source heat pump unit using soil or water temperature in winter is 12-22 ℃, the temperature is higher than the ambient air temperature, heat pump cycle evaporation temperature increases, energy efficiency ratio also increased; soil or water temperature in summer is 18-32 ℃, the temperature ratio The ambient air temperature is low and the condensing temperature of the refrigeration system is reduced, so that the cooling effect is better than the air-cooled and cooling towers. The unit efficiency is greatly improved, which can save 30-40% of the operation cost of the heating, cooling and air conditioning system and can generate 1 kilowatts of electric energy More than 4 kilowatts of heat or more than 5 kilowatts cold. Eco-friendly ground source heat pump unit operation, no water does not pollute the water, do not need the boiler, does not require cooling towers, do not need to piling up fuel waste sites, significant environmental benefits. A multi-purpose machine, widely used source heat pump system can be heating, air conditioning and cooling, but also to provide hot water, a multi-purpose machine, a system can replace the original boiler plus air-conditioning two sets of devices or systems, especially for both Buildings with heat and cooling requirements, ground-source heat pumps, have obvious advantages. With a set of equipment to meet the heating, cooling, domestic water requirements, reducing the initial investment of equipment. Ground source heat pump can be applied to hotels, residential areas, apartments, factories, shopping malls, office buildings, schools and other buildings, small ground source heat pump more suitable for residential heating, air conditioning. Automatic operation of ground source heat pump unit due to stable conditions, can be designed as a simple system, fewer components, units and reliable operation, low maintenance costs, a high degree of automatic control, long service life. Market prospects North Market: Heating, hot water market, taking into account air conditioning. These markets can be from north to northeast to three provinces in Northeast China, suitable for residential and office buildings. Yangtze River Basin Market: heating, air conditioning, hot water for the triple market, these markets are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River valley from Beijing to the hot summer and cold winter, especially suitable for hotels and luxury apartments and some other places. South Market: air conditioning, hot water for the market, taking into account the heating. Such markets are mainly concentrated in the hot summer and warm winter in southern China. Chapter 2: Technology PK PK1: ground source heat pump VS other heating methods use different heating methods, energy consumption is very different. By comparison, ground-source heat pumps are the most energy-efficient of all heating methods. Compared with the boiler (electricity, fuel) heating system, the boiler heating only 90% of the energy or 70 ~ 90% of the fuel can be heat for the user, so the ground source heat pump than the electric boiler heating save More than two-thirds of the energy, compared with the fuel boiler to save about one-half of the energy; due to ground source heat pump heat source temperature is relatively stable throughout the year, usually 10 ~ 25 ℃, the cooling, heating coefficient up to 3.5 ~ 4.4 , Compared with the traditional air source heat pump, to about 40% higher, the operating costs for the ordinary central air-conditioning 50 to 60%. PK2: Comparison of Initial Investment in Economic Analysis: The initial investment of the unit is about 20% higher than that of chillers; the cost of drilling well is increased; no cooling towers and cooling water systems are available; no boiler and boiler room; no network entry fee (natural gas, urban heat network); No storage tank safety fee. Operating costs more than 20% of the cost savings in summer cooling; the summer heat recovery, free health hot water supply; winter heating, the operating costs equivalent to about 50% of gas, oil-fired boiler; annual operating costs savings of 40% about. Chapter 3: Case Talk 锫. 5 years dedicated to technology promotion and popularization Dalin Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd. located in Changping, Beijing is a modern high-tech enterprise, dedicated to commercial and residential ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) central air conditioning product development, design, manufacture and sale, installation and Technical services in one of the modern high-tech enterprises. As a modern high-tech enterprise, Beijing Dalong Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd. earlier established a professional R & D institutions in China, the ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) central air conditioning system in commercial and civil construction applications, and product development, design , Manufacturing sales, engineering and installation and technical services in one. In its second year since its founding in 1992, Dalong signed a contract for the U.S. McDonald's to undertake the installation and maintenance of its air conditioning projects at all its restaurants in Beijing. The business also expanded to McDonald's Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin and other places of the chain restaurants. Dalong provides McDonald's restaurants with long-term air-conditioning system installation, maintenance and care services. Since its establishment, the company's water source / ground source heat pump system has been widely promoted and utilized by McDonald's in North China, serving a total of more than 130 McDonald's restaurants. Dalong company is the earliest established professional R & D institutions, the ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) central air conditioning system in commercial and civil construction of the application of research companies. In 1998, Dalong began to cooperate with well-known foreign manufacturers of central air-conditioners, air-conditioner products of foreign multinationals and promotion in the Chinese market, as well as manufacture of central air conditioning products for some well-known foreign enterprises. Through its long-term cooperation with YORK, McQuay and CIAT, Dalong has been engaged in the manufacturing, installation and installation of central air-conditioning products for ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) Technology has reached the international advanced level. "Dalong" brand ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) central air conditioning has eight series, more than 300 kinds of products, basically meet the different needs of domestic users, creating a comfortable living, working and leisure environment for users. In Beijing and its surrounding areas, nearly 800,000 square meters of commercial and residential buildings use "Dalong" series of ground source heat pump (water source heat pump) central air conditioning products. In the scientific and technological innovation, energy efficient, environmental protection and sustainable development concept, Dalong company has completed the country