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Foliar fertilization is mainly used to help crops supplement some micronutrients or growth regulators, which is also necessary to improve crop yield and improve quality. In addition, under certain special circumstances, such as the reproductive growth stage of the late stage crops, the production period is also an important period. The above-ground parts such as fruits lack micronutrients such as calcium and boron. At this time, the root activity decreases and the nutrient absorption capacity decreases. This needs to be supplemented by leaf fertilization; in the high temperature and dry season, when the surface soil is dry and there is no irrigation, the effective nutrient transport of the rhizosphere soil is not smooth; or in the hydroponic water block, the crop roots are deprived of oxygen, leading to crops. In special cases that cannot be absorbed normally, foliar fertilization should be used.
Therefore, the main problems solved by foliar fertilization are the supply of medium and trace elements; the second is to alleviate the difficulty of roots temporarily unable to absorb nutrients.
The advantage and disadvantage of foliar fertilization is that the leaf part absorbs faster than the root and can quickly provide nutrients to the plant. However, the shortcoming is that the application rate is limited and the effect is relatively short. The efficiency of leaf nutrient is related to the leaf structure, and the leaf has low permeability to mineral nutrients, especially those with thick horny leaves such as olives, citrus and coffee. The fertilizer drops do not easily penetrate into the leaves, and the water droplets of the liquid fertilizer slide down from the surface, causing loss. If it rains quickly after spraying, the rain will lose liquid fertilizer, and the high-temperature and high-temperature weathering will cause the fertilizer to dry quickly on the leaf surface, which may reduce the effect of foliar fertilization.
The advantages of foliar fertilization are: direct supply of nutrients, avoiding the fixation and degradation of nutrients in the soil, and the utilization efficiency of nutrients is higher than that of soil fertilization.
Its disadvantage is that the fertilizer effect is limited for a short time. It is an auxiliary fertilization method.
Foliar fertilization should master the skills to choose fertilizer components, foliar fertilization is mainly to supply trace elements, but a large number of trace elements combined to facilitate the absorption and utilization of nutrients. To determine the variety of fertilizers, one must be regarded as the demand for the material; the second is to see the soil restricting the nutrient types; to improve the pertinence of foliar fertilization, and not to choose the complete rehydration solution, which is expensive and non-targeted, and the effect is not good. For example, to solve the problem of chlorosis of new leaves in northern peanuts, it is necessary to spray iron; etc.; to increase the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat during the grain filling period, spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The concentration of leaf fertilizer should be fixed. If the concentration is too high, it will damage the leaves, but reduce the fertilizer efficiency. The concentration is too low and does not work.
The time and climatic conditions of the fertilizer application should be selected, for example, to avoid spraying before the rain; during the growth period, the key period of nutrition and efficiency should be selected. The number of sprays is generally required to be sprayed more than 2 times, the specific number of times is determined according to the effect.
Apple spray calcium can reduce bitter pox disease? It has been found through experimental research that the calcium deficiency of apple fruit is more common, and the young fruit is developed during the 3-6 week period, which is the peak period of calcium absorption of fruit, and also the critical period of apple calcium nutrition. During the period, it must be ensured that the young fruit has sufficient calcium nutrition to prevent the occurrence of bitter pox. To this end, agricultural personnel have promoted the application of calcium spray to control apple bitter disease in some high-yield apple orchards in Shandong and Shaanxi. The main method is to spray the first time when the young fruit grows to a diameter of 2-3 cm, or after a month of falling flowers, when the masses call the baby hair recede. Calcium fertilizer varieties can use conventional calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, or new varieties on the market such as calcium sugar alcohol and calcium amino acid, the calcium concentration is about 0.1-0.3%, and the number of spraying is generally 3-5 times. Some orchards also spray 2 times after spraying the bag in front of the bag, 5-7 days at a time, and the number of spraying depends on the effect. Such calcium-spraying measures have a significant effect on preventing and reducing apple "bitter disease". In recent years, with the acidification trend of orchard soil, the symptoms caused by calcium deficiency in apple trees are becoming more and more obvious. In addition to the application of calcium fertilizer in apple production, the application of spraying calcium fertilizer is becoming more and more widespread.
Author: Sinochem fertilizer Senior Consultant, China Agricultural University, Professor Cao Yiping
Under what circumstances should foliar fertilizer be used to solve the problem? In addition to the nutrients needed to absorb the soil from the soil, the foliage can also absorb nutrients, but it cannot replace the root fertilization.
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