New wall bricks and building energy-saving key plans

China has developed a new type of wall material for several decades, and promotion of building energy conservation is based on the energy consumption of the general design of residential buildings from 1980 to 1981. It was the first time that a 30% energy saving concept was established in 1986 (JGJ26-86). By 1995, the new departmental standard (JGJ26-95) raised the energy conservation standard to 50%. With the introduction of the "Civil Building Energy Management Regulations", the domestic building energy conservation work has been fully started. After the development in recent years, the promotion of new wall materials and building energy conservation still has some problems in the actual work.

Such as: some companies produce new wall materials are restricted to use and development; some new wall materials can not be in accordance with the wall reform policy to enjoy a variety of preferential treatment; some energy-saving buildings after completion acceptance can not or can not enjoy all the wall reform special ** Return and so on. The reasons for this are mainly the lack of scientific convergence of policies and the outdated definition of new wall materials that are closely related to implementation policies. The purpose of defining the new type of wall material at that time was to prevent the burning of bricks and soil, damage the cultivated land, protect the farmland, and encourage the use of various industrial waste residues instead of clay bricks. Therefore, in the definition of new wall materials, there is no work relationship with building energy conservation and new building structure system, which has certain limitations and narrowness. Therefore, the definition of relevant policies and new wall materials needs to give a full concept to guide the work.

I. Definition of New Wall Materials and Building Energy Conservation Principles and Significance

When initially defining new wall materials, building energy conservation was still at a conceptual pilot and demonstration stage. The wall of a building is basically composed of a single wall material, with few varieties, single specifications, and low technical content. At that time, as long as the construction design and construction procedures were strictly followed in accordance with the architectural design standards, they would basically meet the requirements of the building. With the full implementation of national building energy-saving standards, new energy-saving building structural systems emerge one after another. New energy-saving wall materials of a large scale and superior grade have emerged; construction technology, construction machinery, and equipment are constantly being updated. While creating a huge production and application space for the development of new wall materials, it also puts forward higher standards and requirements for its research, production and application. Therefore, we must change the traditional management concepts, follow the trend of the market, and move toward the direction of composite materials, composite structures, composite walls, lightweight high-strength, and new building structural systems. Any wall material that meets the requirements of building energy-saving, waste, and resource-saving buildings should be included in the scope of wall reforms that “the state encourages and supports development”. Otherwise, it should be included in separate books to limit and prohibit development. How to make the definition of the new definition more standardized, more scientific, more reasonable and more convenient to operate under this framework, the following suggestions are proposed:

1, to prevent cohabitation. At present, some unqualified products classified as new wall materials using new wall materials define the title of new wall materials and squeeze into the new wall material market, enjoying the national wall reform and tax preferential policies. The unqualified products mentioned here fall into three categories. One category is that their products have neither national nor industrial standards nor local standards. They can only apply similar standards and lack some necessary test data and indicators (eg, industrial Waste slag bricks, etc.); although there are national standards or industrial production standards in the other category, there are no construction design standards and related supporting construction regulations (such as: autoclaved lime sand porous bricks, concrete porous bricks, etc.); The standard, but the state expressly prohibits the use of (for example: steamed sand bricks, etc.). The above-mentioned new wall materials cannot be used at all by the inner and outer walls of the building envelope structure.

2, unified technical standards. The relevant standards for new wall materials are not always scientific and reasonable. For example, some products are qualified for inspection according to national standards or industry standards, but according to the requirements of the National Design Code for Masonry Structures, the masonry products that use this product are unqualified masonry. The Code for Seismic Design of Buildings also imposes restrictions on the use of some qualified products. There are also some products that use industrial waste residue. Because the raw materials and mix ratio have changed greatly, they can only be applied with similar standards. However, the internal performance and quality of the products are quite different from those of the products. One of the reasons for the failure of masonry. The comprehensive judgment index of the wall should be the basis for formulating new wall material standards.

3, conducive to wall reform. Building energy efficiency standards have been implemented for many years. Practice has shown that achieving a 50% or 65% energy saving target on a single material is difficult and uneconomical. Therefore, when selecting a new type of wall material, it is necessary to consider the comprehensive performance of the wall material, that is, to ensure the durability and stability of the masonry, it is the most reasonable, most economical and safe to use with any material. This is the concept of the composite wall mentioned above and it is also the key to the success or failure of the reform of the wall. Only the wall material that can form a qualified wall can be called a new wall material.

4, encourage technological innovation. Some innovative new energy-saving building structural systems have surpassed the traditional wall material selection mode in the application of materials. They are basically a combination of a variety of building materials. If you look at the material of the wall separately, which one has its own inadequacies, but after a scientific and rational combination and combination, the advantages of various materials are brought together. The integrated use of the wall meets the requirements of the building. These should be the development direction of the reform of the wall.

Second, the new wall material criteria and classification

As we all know, walls composed of wall materials can be broadly classified into brick masonry structures, block masonry structures, slab masonry structures, shear wall structures, frame structures, and frame-shear structures. Similar structures are divided into solid and hollow walls; load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls and so on. No matter which type of wall should ensure the safety and durability of the building and the physical performance requirements of the building, it must also comply with the principles of energy conservation, waste disposal, and resource conservation. Therefore, first of all, it should be determined that the new wall material must be a qualified wall material; secondly, it should be determined that the new wall material meets the comprehensive performance requirements of the wall. Only materials that pass the inspection of qualified walls can be called new wall materials. This result is the basis for the country to formulate policies for encouraging development, and should select relatively mature walls (building systems) according to the economic and technological development conditions at different times. Listed in the directory of national encouragement and support for development, with certain qualifications, such as the requirements for indicators such as hole rate and density. Any qualified wall material that satisfies the comprehensive performance requirements of the wall in the catalogue should be judged as a new type of wall material encouraged and supported by the state.

Third, the application of new wall material definition

The principles for the definition of new wall materials mentioned above are finally to be implemented in the “states that encourage and support the construction of energy-saving, waste-recycling, and resource-saving buildings”. The macro definition refers to the building structural system of a building. The corresponding structure is the wall of a building. Specifically speaking, it refers to the envelope structure of the main body of the building—the internal and external walls. The wall material and the building and building structural system are a whole, and all three are indispensable. Under the overall framework of the State’s encouragement and support for the development of building structural systems or building envelope structures—inside and outside walls, governments at all levels combine with local economic development conditions and resource stocks to screen out building structure systems suitable for local development and introduce implementation measures. And supporting preferential policies, improve the various administrative and technical regulations. The focus of the work of the management department shall be on the establishment of markets and management of the market. For the wall materials that meet the requirements of the directory to encourage and support development or the comprehensive performance requirements of the walls, policy support and economic support shall be given. The company creates a fair and competitive market environment and supports and guides the companies in wall materials to do well in supporting scientific research and production in accordance with the rules of market economy to meet the market demand. For the system or wall that is listed in the restricted development catalogue, various preferential policies may not be enjoyed. The inclusion of a system or wall that prohibits the development of catalogues should be firmly prohibited. For those who have been banned, they should be punished accordingly.

For example, according to the existing definition standards for new wall materials, concrete shear wall structures, frame structures, and frame-shear structures are all listed as new-type wall materials and enjoy preferential policies for exempting wall reform funds. However, according to the new national policy of saving resources in the country, it should be included in the list of restricted development and preferential policies should not be enjoyed. Because the concrete is composed of cement, sand, stone (limestone) and other major raw materials. The cement as a cementitious material consumes a large amount of non-renewable resources such as limestone and clay and a large amount of coal and other high-quality energy in the production process; in the concrete production, a large amount of limestone blocks are also added, and the limestone resources consumed by the two are The economic value is much greater than the economic value of the clay resources used for burning bricks. Furthermore, the walls and frames are basically solid, with a large specific gravity and a large amount of concrete, which wastes raw materials, increases the load on the buildings, and increases the costs of basic treatment and construction. It can be seen that this type of structural system is not the most economical. If measures are taken to improve such concrete structures, increase the concrete strength, increase the hole rate of the wall, and other measures, after realizing the goal of concrete reduction, it should be listed. Enter the directory of walls (architecture systems) encouraged and supported by the State.