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Due to the needs of a strategic task, I was fortunate enough to have a relationship with her since the early 1960s. This connection has been more than half a century! Half a century is only a moment in the long history of human history, but it is long in the long history of life. Time flies, the sun and the moon are like a shuttle, unconsciously and her shadows have followed more than 50 extraordinary spring and autumn, and will continue to follow until ..., here to be proud, I should be a handful of sincerity A devotee of devotees and followers who are zealous, unyielding, and never give up.
There have been many pains and joys in the journey of life that accompanied me for more than 50 years. There have been many successes and failures, whether it is pain or happiness; the failure is the success or the success. Joy, it should be said that it is very valuable, all wonderful, unforgettable! Here are just a few of the interesting events in the past.
In the numerous battles of China's synthetic diamond research and development, the "121" campaign and the "Pilot" campaign are the two most memorable battles. The success of the "121" campaign created a new era of synthetic diamonds in China; the victory of the "Pilot" campaign was the foundation for the industrialization of China's superhard materials.
The above two major battles have made great achievements for the establishment, development and growth of China's synthetic diamond industry. They are two monuments and are the solid foundation for the development of China's synthetic diamond industry. To this end, he won the 1978 National Science University Award and the Henan Provincial Science Conference Award.
A "121" campaign
In the early 1960s, in the same battlefield for the strategic resources of synthetic diamonds, China had two legions, the academy system and the industrial system. One is to fight for the development of disciplines; the other is to fight for the urgent need for such products.
The main battlefield of the first battle was in Beijing. There were two major regiments participating in the war: they were the Academy of Sciences and the Industrial Systems Corps. This review is only a snippet of interesting things happening in the battle of the Industrial Systems Corps.
(1) The joint army shoulders the heavy responsibility
Synthetic diamond is a high-tech developed in the 1950s. At that time, only a few industrialized countries such as the United States, Sweden, and the United Kingdom were mastered, and the technical blockade was imposed on China. However, China’s natural diamonds are scarce. The economic sectors, especially the precision machinery, oil extraction, metallurgy, geological exploration and electronics industries, are urgently needed to import from the Soviet Union and the Congo every year. The Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, the pro-China Lumumba Prime Minister was killed, the government was subverted, and the diamond source was suddenly cut off, seriously threatening the development of China’s industrial industry. What should I do for anti-blockade, anti-monopoly, and anti-smuggling? Self-reliance, hard work, and do it yourself!
In October 1960, the state issued a marching order for the "121" (ie, the development of synthetic diamonds). This is a high-tech contest between China and the western industrialized countries that are backward in the science and technology industry. We are guided by Chairman Mao’s strategic thinking of “concentrating superior forces and fighting annihilationâ€, and formed Yu Hongchang and Wang Guangzu. A group of volunteers represented by Hu Enliang and Yao Yucheng are dedicated to the joint combat team of young scientists and technicians who revitalize the Chinese nation's science, technology and industry.
Both I and Yu Hongchang are studying chemistry, although it is known from books that diamond is composed of carbon and diamond and graphite are allogeneic. But using artificial methods to make it, but know nothing, there is a blank in my mind. In the face of the urgent needs of the country, as engineers and technicians trained in the new China, we will not solve who solves them? The important task of nature falls on our shoulders. At the same time, I am also deeply aware that this is not only a contest of high-tech power, but more importantly, an anti-hegemonic struggle with a strong political color to safeguard national interests. In the face of design, manufacture of ultra-high pressure and high temperature devices, calibration of temperature and pressure in high-pressure chambers, selection of raw materials and technical and theoretical problems related to diamond crystal growth mechanism, we have not retreated, but faced difficulties.
Under the guidance of Mao Zedong’s thought of “not to be unprepared, not to be unsure,†the investigation and research were conducted to collect and read a large amount of information on how ultra-high pressure and high temperature are generated and how diamonds grow. Wrote the "Foundation of Synthetic Diamond Synthesis Process". Through the comprehensive and detailed analysis of the data, several sets of implementation plans have been carefully designed. It is precisely because of the theoretical and raw material preparation that it lays a good foundation for successfully tapping the door of diamond synthesis technology.
(2) The night of joy is unforgettable
We conducted an experimental study based on the calculated graphite-diamond equilibrium curve. After arduous exploration of failure, improvement, failure, and improvement, it was finally synthesized on the night of December 6th, 1963 at the high-pressure laboratory of Beijing General Machinery Research Institute on the 61-type double-faced ultra-high pressure device designed and manufactured by ourselves. China's first synthetic diamond, this is the first "virgin" work that the author participated in, laying the foundation and development for China's superhard materials industry. The participants in the test were: Hu Enliang, Xu Jinfeng, Zhang Yonghua and Du Fuchang of the General Machinery Research Institute, Wang Guangzu, Lu Feixiong and Li Jinbao of the Abrasives Grinding Research Institute. I remember that this evening in a group of programs numbered in the 32nd experiment, there was a mysterious appearance of shiny crystals in the synthetic rod. When the glass was scratched with this crystal, the ear smelled a crisp squeak. It is a signal that synthetic diamonds are coming to the land of China. Our participants cheered and jumped and shouted that we succeeded! We won! This is an exciting night, sleepless night, the world's eastern poverty, backward China, the sixth night to master synthetic diamond technology, is China's synthetic diamond The development of the industry will last forever in the annals of history! The victory of the flag, the success of the horse, is not a pleasure!
(3) After returning to Zhao, a false alarm
On the morning after the successful synthesis of the first synthetic diamond in China, Yu Hongchang carried a heavy piece of stone (paraldstone) and walked into the office of Director Xia Yaofeng. Put down the bag and say: Old summer, come out! When he was too old to sit down, he threw up the big bag he had brought back, and said intermittently: the sample... the sample is gone. Xia quickly rushed to the director Lu Genren's office to report the situation. Comrade Lao Lu immediately convened an emergency meeting, and decided to send someone to look for the old car and sleeper. After a few hours, the people sent out were empty-handed.
When the head of the land asked about the situation when he went to his aunt's house before going to the train. Director Lu asked, who knows your aunt's house? Old Yu said: That is only the director of summer. Director Lu said decisively: You will be ready to go to Beijing in the summer, catch up with the car and take the bus. In the summer, I got on the train in the north. Just the next day, when I got off the train, I went straight to my aunt's house. The old man saw a little surprised when he knocked on the door! So early, from Zhengzhou? Xia said yes, a few words of cold, summer asked aunt immediately, Hongchang is there something to forget you here? The old man pointed at the cabinet and said: The little bag seems to be Hongchang forgot here. Xia took a small bag and touched it, and said it was it. Xia said aunt, I have to return to Zhengzhou immediately. Picking up the bag and rushing back to the station, gave a long distance to the place, bought a return ticket. When I got back to Zhengzhou, I went straight to the place in the summer. This "baby" finally returned to Zhao. I really didn't think that when China's first synthetic diamond was born, it opened a little-known joke with us. Fortunately, this is just a false alarm. Xin Yan, Xin Yan!
(4) The first battle was successful and the West was shocked
In view of the fact that the diamond developed by the subject is confidential. Therefore, a contact code has been agreed in advance. If there is diamond in the sample synthesized, the contact code is D, which is the first letter of Diamond. On the evening of December 10, 1963, we received a telegram from Yu Hongchang. The message was not translated. It was already 9 o'clock in the evening. Hu Enliang and Tang Yujing went to the Tianqiao Post Office to find the interpreter. When they saw the translated message, they found When there is a D-line, we are very happy now, and the hard work of three years has seen the dawn. The lab cheered again and we succeeded! We have succeeded! It is a great victory for Mao Zedong Thought, a great victory for Chairman Mao’s revolutionary line, and a great victory for the great cooperation of socialism. When the news of China's successful synthetic diamonds came out, the arrogant Western industrialized countries were shocked. They doubted that China, which is backward in technology and industry, could also get diamonds out.
We are based on the multi-disciplinary joint research, the strength of unity and cooperation, the spirit of independence, diligence and rigorous style. After more than a thousand days and nights of fighting, we ended the battle and achieved the first battle of anti-monopoly and anti-blockade. The great victory for the country has won the light and won the battle. It was the result of hard work and hard work under hard conditions and extremely difficult conditions. That ambition, courage, and obscurity of dedication have so far been reminiscent of such enthusiasm, inspiration, and thought and enlightenment.
Second "Pilot" campaign
The main battlefields of the Second Campaign are in Jinan and Zhengzhou. The main units participating in the war are: Jinan Foundry and Forging Machinery Research Institute, Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute and Shanghai Materials Research Institute.
Synthetic diamond was born. It is not a product, but an industry with great vitality and great prospects. It is an industrial sector, and it is the most brilliant achievement in the development of high-pressure physics.
(a) Where is the where to go?
In order to transform the laboratory results of synthetic diamond into productivity as soon as possible, in April 1964, the Ministry of Machinery received an instruction to enter the “pilot test†and established the Jinan Foundry and Forging Machinery Research Institute and the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute. The main force of the joint operations corps. Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute participated in the research: Wang Guangzu, Yu Zhengmin, Yu Zhichao, Li Jinbao, Shao Dehou, Yan Juwu, Kong Lingchun. Jinan Foundry Forging Machinery Research: Yan Xuexiong, Lu Naiqi, Wang Liude, Wen Xiaokang, etc. According to the directive, the "Sanmo" combat team immediately moved from Beijing to Jinan, and cooperated with the comrades of the Foundry Forging Machinery Research Institute (referred to as the cast forging combat team). The “fortress†of the design, manufacture and commissioning of the hinged six-face press in the “Pilot†campaign launched a “strong†attack. After the battle started, we found that this was another hard-to-attack "hard battle." Since he was ordered to join the war, he must not disappoint the party’s trust and expectations, and it is hard to take it down. This battle has been successful in nearly two years of hard work. Because we are a "diamond" division who can come and come to fight and win. This is another "virgin" work that the author and his comrades laid the foundation for the industrialization of China's superhard materials.
(2) What are the fears?
In this battle, from the beginning, I encountered the synchronization, centering, "shooting" of the press, the sealing and breaking of the high-pressure tubing, the slamming of the solenoid valve, and the feeling of pressing the gourd. Let the operators be in a hurry, the carbide anvil is frequently damaged and replaced, etc., many unforeseen difficulties and obstacles, it is really difficult to go forward every step of the way, the difficult situation is not immersive and can not be experienced . One of the most troubling and unforgettable things is that the technical "barrier" of high-pressure sealing is also the problem of "shooting" that we often criticize. This is the most difficult difficulty in the world's high-pressure technology. If this difficulty is not passed, the battle will be severely blocked, and it will not be able to move forward to the intended goal until the failure of this battle. The situation is very grim. We have not retreated in the face of cruel reality. As the first-line commanders and combatants of this battle, the sense of responsibility is great and the mental pressure is very heavy. However, I am convinced that as long as I want to go to one place, I will go all out to carry forward the spirit of "Diamond" that dares to do hard and be hard-working. The great difficulties and obstacles will eventually win for us. The following is the conquest of the danger, open the anecdote in the way.
(3) Being diligent in brains and not being good at small
Anyone who wants to achieve a great cause and succeeds must start with simple things and start with nuances. Seriously doing every little thing, you will have unexpected gains. Great success is the accumulation of small successes every time. Don't be small and not good. A bud can stain a green wasteland; a little hope can ignite the ideal blue sky. In fact, success often begins with our down-to-earth and solidly doing every little thing around us.
"Cannoning" is the key word for this daily conversation of the fighting group. At noon, I had 4 people with Shao Dehou, Li Jinbao and Yu Zhengmin. On the way from the experimental site to the cafeteria, Li Jinbao was inspired! So four people couldn't attend to the meal, and the same squatting on the dirt road leading to the canteen, Li Jinbao said the idea, Yu Zhengmin picked up a small stone to draw. This scene was seen by the director of the machine shop of the casting and forging machine. He came to us, and was obsessed with our dedication, and erected a big finger to praise that young people are good! But kindly speaking, when you eat, you have to eat and work together! Pay attention to your body! This is just a scene like a shot. If you use painstaking efforts, sleepless nights and forgetting to express this fighting group, in order to solve the top technical problem of "shooting and shooting", the degree of obscurity revealed is not overdone.
If "shooting" is the keyword with the highest frequency of this battle group conversation, then "inspiration" is the second keyword after the former! We know that the emergence of "inspiration" is accidental, but it is inevitable. Only those who are diligent in thinking can do their best to grasp the inspiration and achieve the goal of success. Therefore, as long as there is inspiration, others will raise their ears to listen carefully to their stories, and consciously participate in the seminar, form a plan and put it into practice. The formation of the small bevel of the carbide anvil is the result of many “inspiration†practices.
(4) The small chamfer contribution can be large
When scientists from all over the world talk about the elements of success, they are inseparable from the word "hardworking". Mendejeev said: "What is genius, genius is hard work for life!" Edison also said: "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent effort."
Through practice, failure, practice, and failure, it was found that a small chamfer on the slope of the top of the anvil made the seal successful. Industry experts praised that if the high-pressure anvil had no small bevel, use a six-sided press. The normal production of diamond single crystals seems to be impossible. The design of the small inclined surface of the high-pressure avil is precisely an important contribution of Chinese scientists and technicians to the high-pressure technology of Liubianding. This is a pioneering work, which can be called great achievements. Don't underestimate this small and inconspicuous chamfer! Her credit can be great! It not only solves the problem of worldwide high-pressure sealing in high-pressure technology, but also lays the foundation stone for “finished pilotâ€, which paves the way for the later industrialization of synthetic diamond and its great development. When you see today's Chinese synthetic diamond industry develops into the current prosperity of Shengchang, how can you not be proud! How can you not be happy! How can we not be proud of the "explosive wave" that caused the sagging of our eardrum!
Han Yu said: "The industry is good at diligence and absurd." Facts have repeatedly proved that anyone can do everything without diligence, and diligence is the key to unlocking the door to success. The key words for our success in the two major battles are: "hard work" and "inspiration."
(5) The highest "reward"
The secretary of Sanmao Jianjian Fang made a special trip from Zhengzhou to Jinan “Battlefield†and visited several “all officers and soldiers†who were far away from home. When he knew that we used wisdom and worked hard to achieve initial results in the "fire" technology, we were very happy to give us a "big prize." Do you know what this "big prize" is? Tell you that it is a bowl of noodles. In the era when the material was not very plentiful, just a bowl of noodles, let us be a few flattered, heart-wrenching, nostalgia, and regrets, and still remember the present! What a wonderful past!
The victory of the two major battles laid the cornerstone for the development of China's superhard materials industry, and the ditch draws the initial blueprint for the start. The next step is how to pursue development and growth, and to dream of a big country and a strong country.
(6) Fifty brilliants to comfort the spirits
After several generations of struggle, we have completed the dream of a world's superhard material production power, and we are working hard for the dream of a strong country! The hinged six-face press with independent intellectual property rights not only becomes the world's super-hard material production machine, but also favors the world's colleagues, and goes to the world in large quantities to contribute to the development of superhard materials in the world. . My dear comrades, who are dying, if you are in the spirit of the sky, we will celebrate the monks in the world together, and celebrate the great achievements of China's superhard materials industry! Your sincere dedication to the development of the super-hard materials industry will remain in our hearts forever, and will last forever in the history of super-hard materials!
(7) Beautiful performance sharing
Here I have a mention (construction), friends to find an opportunity to go to our leading enterprises, Zhongnan Diamond Co., Ltd., Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co., Ltd. and Zhengzhou Huajing Diamond Co., Ltd. to take a walk, take a look, they It is a gleaming diamond material superstar that is inlaid in the Central Plains! Take a look at the diamond production sites in their three football fields. Nearly a thousand diamond selection sites (see photos 1, 2), you will be stunned and intoxicated by their grandeur, grandeur, grandeur.啧啧 praise the sound! If this is the only one in the world, the top scale, and the most beautiful diamond landscape is not too much. The civilization created by mankind and the cause of progress have all experienced setbacks and failures. Therefore, it is said that "Bao Jianfeng has been honed out, and plum blossoms have come from bitter cold."
The packaged lamp beads are filtered into different quality lamp beads through light separation. These lamp beads are basically sold by price difference. The defective products can be sold by weight. This phenomenon in the LED market leads to a large difference in the price of LED lamp products.
Parameter relationship of white light bulb:
The basic photoelectric parameters, such as light flux, light intensity, illumination, brightness (brightness), radiation power, color temperature, color rendering, etc., will not be introduced here. We need to focus on the relationship between these parameters.
The quality identification of LED lamp beads requires spectral analysis and photoelectric analysis. If the quality requirements are strict, it also needs to pass the LM79 and LM80 tests. The manufacturer needs to complete the LED Lamp Bead quality evaluation before mass production. The seller must require the manufacturer to provide the LED lamp bead quality evaluation report to provide the commitment to customers.
Abstract What is the charm of diamond, the ancient and eternal crystal? So far, no one can speak clearly and understand. Yes, it is. For this reason, thousands of years have attracted many explorers to dump it, and the former servants have unveiled their mysterious...
Diamond, the ancient and eternal crystal, how big is her charm? So far, no one can speak clearly and understand. Yes, it is. For this reason, for thousands of years, many explorers have been attracted to it, and the former servants have unveiled their mysterious veil and experienced their unique charm.