A research team in the United States has developed a pretreatment process based on ammonia: ammonium salt solvent, which can dissolve plant fibers more quickly, thereby greatly reducing the cost of using plants to produce biofuels. Related research papers were published in the latest issue of "Green Chemistry". Straw, willow branches, leaves and other plant wastes have tightly packed crystalline cellulose, which is difficult to be decomposed by enzymes or microorganisms, making it more difficult for plant materials to be converted into biofuels or biochemical substances. In the past 100 years, scientists have developed several solvents that can decompose cellulose crystals, but these solvents are either very expensive or need to be effective under extreme pressure or temperature. This time, a research team composed of researchers from Rutgers University, Michigan State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and other institutions developed a new process based on ammonia: ammonium salt solvent, which can quickly dissolve cellulose crystals and eventually approach Amorphous cellulose is produced under normal environmental conditions. This regenerated amorphous cellulose can be converted into soluble sugars by hydrolysis, and the amount of cellulolytic enzyme required is about 50 times less than that of natural cellulose crystalline variant I. This means that the production cost of biofuels can be greatly reduced, because in the total cost of using biomass to produce biofuels such as ethanol, decomposition enzymes account for 15% -20% of the share. In addition, the proof of concept results show that the new ammonia: ammonium salt solvent can selectively extract about 80% -85% of lignin while pretreating and fractionating lignocellulosic biomass such as corn stover. Lignin is an aromatic polymer widely present in plants and can be used to produce high-value phenolic compounds. The new pretreatment process can be operated under close to normal environmental conditions, greatly reducing the pressure / temperature requirements required for effective pretreatment of lignocellulose. The researchers pointed out that compared with the traditional process, the new process has more advantages, less demanding working environment, can quickly produce soluble sugar under ultra-low enzyme load, and effectively reduce the production cost of ethanol and other biofuels. (Reporter Liu Haiying) Solar Wind Hybrid Street Light solar &wind hybrid street lighting system have prominent advantages of compact design, energy saving and self-powering. In this system, wind turbine are complemented by solar power in supplying power for led lamp, as to its hybrid characteristics, which could provide a balance.It's advantages is that if rainy days,cannot use the sun power,then the wind power can work instead.It applies to the place where wind power is strong. Solar Wind Hybrid Street Light,Hybrid Solar Street Light,Wind Solar Street Light Yangzhou Beyond Solar Energy Co.,Ltd. , https://www.ckbsolar.com