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First, the symptoms of boron deficiency in vegetables first appeared in the young part, the new leaves were deformed and shrunk, and the veins were irregularly chlorotic, often showing burnt spots. The leaves of the old leaves become thick and brittle, deformed, and become dark yellow-green or purple-red spots. The branches are short and the cork is formed. Boron deficiency can also hinder the development of buds, flowers and ovary, and the fruit and seeds are not full, the fruit is deformed, and the flesh has a cork phenomenon or dryness.
1. Soybean When the boron is deficient, the top is withered, the leaves are rough and thickened, the plant is dwarfed, the top of the main root is dead, the lateral roots are many and short, the nodule is not normal, the flowering is not normal or the flowering is abnormal, and the pods are few and deformed.
2. Corn When the boron is deficient, the upper leaves are white with transparent stripes, the growth point is inhibited, and the heading is blocked. The ear is short and curved and deformed, and the top grain is empty.
3. Tomato In the absence of boron, the cotyledons and true leaves of the seedlings are purple, the leaves are hard and brittle, and the stems grow black and dry. The top branches of the plants curled inward, yellowed and died. The fruit ripening period is inconsistent, deformed, and the skin has brown erosive spots or black mites.
Second, vegetable boron damage symptoms Excessive application of boron, may lead to vegetable plant poisoning, symptoms are manifested in the tip and edge of mature leaves, leaf tip yellowing, chlorosis between veins, and finally necrosis.
III. Types and application methods of boron fertilizer suitable for vegetable application 1. Main types of boron fertilizer (1) Borax White powdery, translucent fine crystal, mainly used for soil fertilization, containing 11.3% boron. It has low solubility in cold water and is easily soluble in hot water above 40 °C. The saturated aqueous solution is alkaline and has a pH of 9.1 to 9.3.
(2) Boric acid White fine crystal or powder, containing 17.5% boron, soluble in water, used as foliar spray. The 0.1 mol concentration boric acid solution has a pH of 5.13 and is acidic.
(3) Boron mud is the residue after making borax and boric acid, which is an off-white powder containing 0.5% to 2.0% of boron and 20% to 30% of MgO. The aqueous solution is alkaline. Due to the low boron content, it is only suitable as a base fertilizer.
(4) Boron-containing superphosphate containing boron 0.6%, gray-yellow powder, the main component is soluble in water. Yiji Shi.
2. Application method (1) As base fertilizer Boron fertilizer has the best effect on the soil with moderate or severe boron deficiency. For every 667m2, 0.5~0.75kg of borax can be mixed with dry fine soil or organic fertilizer, then ditch strip application or hole application, or mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, but the boron fertilizer should not be directly contacted with seeds. (live) or seedlings (transplanting), so as not to affect the growth of germination, emergence and roots and seedlings. It should not be deeped or applied. The dosage should not be too large. If the borax per 667m2 is more than 2.5kg, the emergence rate will be reduced, and even the dead seedlings will be reduced.
(2) It is advisable to use borax or boric acid for soaking seeds. Generally, borax is dissolved in hot water at 40 °C, and then diluted with borax or boric acid solution diluted to 0.01% to 0.03% by cold water. Pour the seeds into the solution and soak for 6-8 hours. The ratio of seed to liquid is 1:1, and it can be sown after being taken out and dried.
(3) Foliar application Use 0.1% to 0.25% borax or boric acid solution, spray 40-80 kg solution per 667 m2, 6~7d1 times, and spray 2~3 times. The foliar spray is preferably in the afternoon, and the spray is sprayed onto the leaves to fill the mist. If it is raining within 6 hours after spraying, it should be re-sprayed once.
Fourth, pay attention to excessive application of lime in acid soil such as red soil, yellow brown soil, purple soil, will lead to boron deficiency. Soil drought or low-lying terrain, poor drainage, and easily lead to soil boron deficiency. The post-effect of applying boron fertilizer in soil can generally last for 2 to 3 years, and the vegetable crops with less boron need to be maintained for about 5 years. Generally, when the water-soluble boron content of the soil is less than 0.5 mg/kg, the application of boron fertilizer has good effects.
Application Technology of Vegetable Boron Fertilizer Boron participates in various physiological activities in vegetables, which can promote the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrates, accelerate cell elongation and division, and promote the normal development of reproductive organs. Lack of or excess boron can cause harm. Rational application of boron can increase production and improve quality.
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