Solar cells convert 3/4 of the solar spectrum into electrical energy, where the infrared spectrum is completely lost in standard solar cells. In contrast, black silicon solar cells are specifically designed to absorb this portion of the spectrum, and researchers have recently succeeded in doubling their overall efficiency. Solar energy shines from a deep blue sky, and then rooftop solar cells convert solar energy into electricity. However, not all light is converted to electrical energy. About one-quarter of the solar spectrum consists of infrared radiation. This part of the light cannot be converted into electricity by standard solar cells, so this part of the thermal radiation is lost. One way to solve this problem is to use black silicon, which absorbs almost all sunlight, including infrared radiation, that hits it and converts it to electrical energy. But how is this material produced? "Black silicon is produced in a sulphur-containing atmosphere by irradiation of standard silicon using femtosecond laser pulses." Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI) - Fiber Optic Sensing Systems Project Team -- Dr Stefan Kontermann, head of the "energy conversion nanomaterials" research group explained. "The surface thus constructed and the sulfur atoms are integrated into the silicon lattice so that the treated material appears black." If the manufacturer uses black silicon to make solar cells, then solar cells can use the full solar spectrum, which significantly improves Battery efficiency. HHI researchers are now trying to double the number of black silicon solar cells. In other words, they have created batteries that can use infrared spectroscopy to produce more power. "We achieved this by modifying the shape of the laser pulses used to radiate silicon," said Kontermann. This led scientists to solve a key issue for black silicon: In normal silicon, infrared light does not have enough energy to excite electrons into conductive bands and convert them into electrical energy, but sulfur-containing black silicon forms an intermediate layer. . You can compare it to climbing a wall: The first time you failed, because the wall was too high, but the second time you succeeded, because you can use the middle layer to climb the wall in two steps. However, in the sulfur this intermediate layer not only allows the electrons to climb the wall, it can also work in the reverse direction, causing the electrons in the conducting strip to jump through the intermediate layer to the back, which causes the electrical energy to be lost again. By modifying the laser pulses that drive sulfur atoms into the lattice of atoms, researchers can change the position of three atoms in the lattice and change their layer height, that is, their energy level. "We use laser pulses to change the amount of embedded sulfur in order to maximize the number of electrons that can be climbed while minimizing the number of electrons that can be returned," concludes Kontermann. In the first phase of the project, scientists modified the laser pulses and investigated how the properties of black silicon were changed and the efficiency of black silicon solar cells. Now they are working on using different shapes of laser pulses and analyzing how the energy level of sulfur changes. In the future, they hope that an algorithmic system can automatically determine how laser pulses should be modified to achieve optimal efficiency. The "Customized Light Pulse" project is one of the winners of the "365 Places in the Land of Ideas" competition, which will be held on October 11, 2012 in Goslar. Researchers have successfully built prototypes of black silicon solar cells. Next they are trying to combine batteries with commercial technologies. "We hope to combine the use of black silicon to increase the efficiency of commercial solar cells by one percentage point. The current commercialization efficiency is about 17%," said Kontermann. Their starting point is the standard commercial solar cell: experts simply remove the backplane and then merge the black silicon into a part of the cell, creating a tandem solar cell containing both normal and black silicon. Researchers are planning a by-product: selling laser systems, and manufacturers will be able to expand their existing solar cell production lines. Manufacturers will be able to produce their own black silicon and put it into standard batteries. (Compilation: Liu Lu)
Wood Barn Doors: Embracing Rustic Charm and Functionality
Welcome to the world of Wood Barn Doors, where timeless elegance meets practicality. Crafted with care and attention to detail, these doors add a touch of rustic charm to any space while providing versatile functionality. Let's explore what makes Wood Barn Doors a beloved choice for both traditional and modern settings.
Classic Design:
Wood Barn Doors boast a classic design that evokes the charm of rural landscapes and traditional craftsmanship. With their natural wood grain and sturdy construction, these doors add warmth and character to any room, whether in a farmhouse or a contemporary home.
Space-Saving Solution:
One of the key advantages of Wood Barn Doors is their space-saving design. Instead of swinging open like traditional doors, barn doors slide along a track mounted above the doorway, saving valuable floor space and allowing for seamless transitions between rooms.
Versatile Applications:
From entryways and closets to pantries and bathrooms, Wood Barn Doors can be used in a variety of applications throughout the home. They serve as functional room dividers, providing privacy when needed while maintaining an open and airy feel.
Customization Options:
We understand that every space is unique, which is why we offer a range of customization options for Wood Barn Doors. Choose from a variety of wood species, finishes, and hardware styles to create a door that perfectly complements your aesthetic preferences and architectural style.
Durability and Longevity:
Crafted from high-quality wood, Wood Barn Doors are built to last. The solid construction and durable finishes ensure that these doors will withstand the test of time, providing years of reliable performance and timeless beauty.
Enhanced Privacy and Soundproofing:
With their solid construction and snug fit, Wood Barn Doors offer enhanced privacy and soundproofing compared to traditional doors. This makes them an ideal choice for bedrooms, home offices, and other spaces where peace and quiet are valued.
Easy Installation:
Installing Wood Barn Doors is a straightforward process, making them a popular choice for DIY enthusiasts and professional contractors alike. With a few basic tools and the right hardware, you can transform any doorway into a stunning focal point with minimal effort.
Wood Barn Door,Barn Doors,Sliding Barn Doors,Mirror Barn Door Foshan City JBD Home Building Material Co.,Ltd. , https://www.jbdhome.com