Lightning noun explanation

1) Equipotential bonding -
Equipotential bonding
The electrical equipment is connected with the outer conductor to reach the electrical connection device with the same or near potential. Surge protectors are a major category of protected live conductors.

2) Fault Classification -
a) Power surge
Surge A transient overvoltage occurs between the wire and the wire or between the wire and the ground. The time is less than 1ms. This voltage is far beyond the maximum allowable operating voltage peak of the device, but it has no operating frequency. The surge is caused by a lightning overvoltage or an operation overvoltage caused by a malfunction of the switch (such as overcurrent tripping of the air switch).
b) Transient Overvoltage TOV
Instantaneous overvoltage is a fluctuation in a certain area, and the time is relatively long, which can be regarded as 1ms-20ms.

3) surge protector classification -
a) SPD
The abbreviation Surge Protection Device, its function is to surge protection device.
b) Switch (Limit Current) Type SPD
According to the requirements of IEC 61312-3, it is generally used in the LPZOB-LPZ1 area for the lightning arrester of the power system, which can eliminate the subsequent current of the power grid to the utmost extent, and dredge the simulated lightning impulse current of 10/350us.
C) Pressure limiting SPD
According to the requirements of IEC 61312-3, lightning arresters generally used in LPZ1 and LPZ2 areas can reduce the residual voltage on the power grid to a large extent, and can provide 8/20 μs simulated lightning impulse currents.
d) surge protector (first level)
Because of the special design, it can withstand the energy of direct lightning strikes and release some direct surge current surge protectors. Class e
e) surge protector (second level)
A surge protector that can release surges caused by long distance or conducted lightning strikes and switchovers.
f) type surge protector (third level)
A surge protector designed to protect the individual loads of the socket.
g) Protective fuse at the front of the surge protector (backup fuse)
Front fuses must be installed at the front of all surge protectors. If the rating of the fuse in the circuit is higher than the maximum allowable fuse of the surge protector element, the surge protector must be selected to meet the requirements of the front fuse in series to protect the front end.

4) Surge protector parameter classification -
a) Maximum continuous operating voltage Uc
For surge protectors that do not have a discharge gap inside, this voltage value represents the maximum allowable rms of the commercial frequency across the surge protector. At this voltage, the surge protector must work properly and must not fail. At the same time, the voltage is continuously loaded on the surge protector and the operating characteristics of the surge protector will not be changed.
B) Rated voltage UN
The manufacturer designs the voltage of the device under normal operation. It can be expressed as a DC voltage or as a rms value of a sinusoidal AC voltage.
C) Maximum flow rate Imax
The SPD does not cause substantial damage, and the maximum current peak of the specified waveform is specified for each line or single module to the ground. Impact flow capacity is generally greater than 2.5 times the nominal discharge current.
D) Rated discharge current (In) (nominal discharge current)
The current peak value of the 8/20 lightning current waveform of the nominal surge protector at the factory is used to classify the class C class.
(Level II) surge protector.
e) pulse impulse current (Iimp)
Standard 10/350us lightning current analog waveform, main parameters:
* Current peak
*Power
* Specific energy
It is a waveform that simulates direct lightning strikes in nature. Class B lightning arresters must be able to withstand multiple impacts of appropriate lightning currents without damage.
f) Voltage Protection Level Up
The highest instantaneous voltage value that appears on both ends of a surge protector before it is triggered. The table on page 19 of this book lists the protection voltage level requirements for various types of equipment in accordance with DIN VDE0110-1 (04/97) and the corresponding protection level voltage for OBO products.
G) Residual pressure
When the lightning discharge current passes through the SPD, the present voltage appears between the terminals.
h) 100% lightning pulse clamp voltage lightning strike pulse clamp voltage lightning strike
Under the impact of a 1.2/50us lightning pulse voltage waveform, the surge protector operating voltage, in this voltage wave test, surge protector for ten shocks, the protectors must all operate.
I) Rated frequency (fn)
Manufacturers design the frequency of the device under normal operation
j) Reaction time (tA)
In essence, the reaction time is determined by the characteristics of the components used inside the surge protector. The reaction time may be limited due to the surge voltage's du/dt (voltage rise speed) or inrush current di/dt (current rise speed) steepness.
K) Short circuit withstand strength
The surge protector must be disconnected by an over-current protection device that relies on an external or internal circuit breaker or circuit. The short-circuit current (such as a fuse or circuit breaker) that can withstand a short circuit interrupts the current.
l) Follow-up current (If)
After the surge protector is discharged, the current flowing through it depends on different grids. The follow-up current is a continuous open circuit current. Its size is related to the distance from the surge protector to the transformer and the transformer capacity.
m) Transmission frequency
The frequency at which the insertion loss of the communication line surge protector is <3dB.

5) Building lightning protection classification -
a) Lightning Protection System (LPS)
It is the collective name for all systems for lightning protection protection in buildings or houses, including external lightning protection systems and internal lightning protection systems.
B) Lightning Protection Division (LPZ)