Technical guidance for the late cotton production in 2013

In order to strengthen the post-production management of cotton production, according to the climate characteristics of cotton production in different cotton areas, the cotton expert guidance group proposed to ensure the weight gain, disaster prevention and harm reduction, strengthen the "four points", control the "three wires" and improve cotton according to local conditions. Yield and quality, increase cotton planting income.
First, continue to grasp the cotton field management
(1) Cotton areas in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins
In view of the high temperature and drought in the middle of the Yangtze River valley, the Futaoduo, the autumn peaches, the secondary growth and the reproduction of the buds and other flowers, the focus on harvesting and controlling secondary growth to strengthen management. The cotton area of ​​the Yellow River Basin is to strengthen the management by promoting early maturity and timely harvesting, and timely planting wheat seeds. According to the post-production requirements of cotton, the following management technical measures are proposed:
1. Pruning. Fighting early and promoting the early autumn peach. Wangchang cotton field and late cotton field advocate pruning and removing old leaves, and cut off empty branches to reduce the stagnation and increase ventilation and light transmission. And remove malignant weeds such as tall weeds and dodders in time. Autumn rain and autumn wet, to cut empty branches, hit the old leaves, push the plants and ridges, increase ventilation and light transmission, promote maturity and early bolls.
2. Timely ripening. Late-maturing cotton fields and cotton fields that need to be simmered early are recommended to spray ethephon ripening. According to the weather and growth, the bell period is more than 45 days, the suitable temperature is above 20 °C, the spraying time is about 20 days before the first frost period, the ethylene utilization is 100 ml/mu, and the clear water is 30-40 kg/mu.
3. Prevent disease and cure insects. In high temperature and dry weather, timely application of pesticides to control pests such as Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, cotton leafhopper and Fuxi. Wangchang cotton field should spray drugs in time to prevent cotton blind cockroaches and whitefly.
4. Drought resistance and drainage. The soil in the arid cotton field is deficient in water, and the plants appear to be wilting and should be irrigated in time. The late cotton field advocates irrigation for 1 or 2 times to promote the increase of autumn peach; high-yield cotton fields and seed fields should be continued until mid-September to increase the boll weight. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent droughts and floods from turning sharply and autumn rains. In case of heavy rains, dredge the ditches as early as possible to ensure smooth drainage and timely support of the inverted cotton plants.
(2) Northwest Inland Cotton Area
In view of the characteristics of this year's cotton production, we will focus on weight-enhancing, to promote the development of mid-upper cotton boll, anti-bite, anti-rotation, anti-dry, anti-fall, prevent premature aging, anti-corruption and late maturity, strengthen fertilizer management, pest control and pruning Push the plant and manage it. Based on the different characteristics of the three types of cotton fields, the following management technical measures are proposed:
1. Normal cotton field. Stop water should not be too early, and should be combined with drip irrigation to prevent urea from premature aging. Depending on leaf color and leaf function, spray urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer.
2. Premature aging cotton fields. To ensure irrigation, delay the water stop. Spraying with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer solution every 7 to 10 days, continuously spraying 2 to 3 times, can increase the weight of the bell, improve the clothing and quality.
3. Greedy late-maturing cotton field management. First, artificial pruning, removal of side branches and secondary growth of axillary buds, can also be used to push the plant and ridge. Second, timely application of ethephon, shedding treasure and other ripening agents for ripening, carefully read the pesticide label before application, according to the provisions of the operation.
Second, timely harvest
(1) Strictly implement the national cotton fiber quality inspection standards
On November 14, 2012, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issued a new national standard for "Cotton" (GB 1103-2012), which was implemented on September 1, 2013. The newly issued cotton national standard is divided into two parts. The first part is “Sawtooth Processing Fine Velvet Cotton” and the second part is “Leather Roll Processing Fine Velvet Cotton”. The new standard is a further improvement of the standard of GB1103-2007 "cotton fine cotton", which is a mandatory standard. The core content is that the lint grade is replaced by the color grade instead of the original grade. The cotton grading is divided according to the color type and level. The type is determined according to the yellow depth as white cotton, light spot cotton, light yellow dyed cotton, yellow dyed cotton. The level is determined according to the degree of light and darkness. The white cotton is divided into 5 levels. Point cotton is divided into 3 levels, light yellow dyed cotton is divided into 3 levels, yellow dyed cotton is divided into 2 levels, a total of 13 levels. All localities should conscientiously study and master the content of new standards, improve the implementation of new standards to improve the understanding of the quality of cotton in China, and publicize to the majority of cotton farmers.
(2) Harvesting requirements
Normal cotton bolls should be harvested after 5 to 7 days of boll opening. With reference to the requirements of the new cotton standard, color grading should be emphasized in the process of seed cotton harvesting, drying, packaging, etc., white flowers and dim flowers, good flowers and zombie flowers, pre-frost flowers and frosted peaches, normal spores and polluted flowers Carry out collection, splitting, storage, and distribution. When harvesting, do not use chemical bags, chemical fiber cloth and cotton cloth pockets, and dry the seed cotton field to keep it clean.