Analysis of Security Market of Urban Rail Transit

In 2013, more than 10 cities including Xi’an, Tianjin, Chongqing, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Kunming, Qingdao, Wuxi and Dongguan will be approved for a new round of rail transit construction plans. Xuzhou, Wenzhou and other cities will be approved as new cities. . The scale of urban rail investment this year is expected to reach 280 billion yuan to 290 billion yuan. At present, China has become the world’s largest market for urban rail transit construction. The rapid development of urban rail transit has made the safety and security system of subways and the importance of safe operation and management increasingly prominent. The security industry will also usher in new developments. opportunity.

Urban Rail Transit is an important component of the urban public transport system. It refers to the rapid and large-volume public transport that runs along specific orbits in the city, including subways, light rails, suburban commuter railroads, and Trams and maglev trains are available. The urban rail transit system discussed in this paper only includes the two types of transportation methods: subway and light rail, which are the most used and the longest construction mileage in China. The security in the urban rail transit market mainly includes several major security areas such as video surveillance, access control and entrance and exit control, dangerous goods detection and physical protection. Due to its tightness and high population density, urban rail transit systems require very high safety requirements for rail transit. To build a comprehensive and effective security system to ensure the safe operation of rail transit is an indispensable link in the construction of urban rail transit.

In a broad sense, the safety precautions provided by urban rail transit mainly include communications, tunnel evacuation, emergency lighting, smoke prevention, fire extinguishing, screen doors, electronic patrol, fire alarm, intrusion burglar alarm, station and train video surveillance systems, etc. At the same time, special wired and wireless communication systems, police security systems and depots, parking lot security systems, etc. are also provided, and police, security, security and professional management personnel are deployed at the stations and important facilities. These are the important foundations of the urban rail transit security system and can effectively ensure the normal operation of urban rail transit. For the security industry, in the urban rail transit market, it mainly involves video surveillance, access control and entrance and exit control, dangerous goods detection and physical protection.

The safety precautions (security) of urban rail transit should be based on safety protection, safety precautions, and safety operations. The urban rail transit security system is made up of safety precautions, electronic information. The comprehensive application system composed of computer network technology, etc., has the characteristics of advancedness, reliability, economy, applicability, etc. It is an integral part of social public safety. At present, in accordance with the principle of economic application, China adopts three types of measures: safety precautions at ordinary times, special security (special periods when major events are held) and wartime safety precautions to solve the problem of safety protection of urban rail transit. Normally, traditional safety precautions are generally adopted; special measures will be taken to enhance technical protection, physical defense and civil air defense measures on the basis of traditional safety precautions; wartime will be rapidly converted to civil air defense projects according to the needs of the war situation.

The status quo of the safety prevention and development of urban rail transit in China 1. The urban rail transportation system and transportation support technology have basically reached the international advanced level. The urban rail transportation system is a complex system that integrates multi-discipline, multi-discipline, and multi-industry, such as car, machine, engineering, electricity, inspection, transportation, and camping. And because it is mainly built underground, it has the inherent characteristics of strong closure, high-speed operation, frequent start-stops, large passenger flow, and self-propelled passengers, emergency evacuation, and vulnerability to external factors. Therefore, urban rail transit, as a kind of special personnel-intensive public places, requires very high security. Although China's urban rail transit construction started late, but China's urban rail transit industry has only used 20 years, through the introduction, digestion and absorption and re-innovation, has accumulated a wealth of design, construction and operations management experience. During the design and construction of civil engineering, transportation systems, and transportation support systems for urban rail transit, their own safety protection functions and safety protection measures for passengers have been fully considered. For example, transport vehicles have not only perfected automatic driving. , automatic control and automatic protection functions, but also equipped with an automatic fault detection system for important facilities, equipment, such as Guangzhou Metro online vehicle detection and warning system, can be real-time status monitoring of online vehicles, and further enhance the safety of urban rail transit Protection level. It can be said that the transportation and transportation guarantee technologies for the new urban rail transit in China have basically reached the international advanced level.

2. The traditional safety precautions for newly-built urban rail transit basically meet the safety management requirements in peacetime. In the new urban rail transit system, China has absorbed international advanced experience, attached great importance to safety and security construction, and equipped urban rail transit with more advanced security measures, including Communication systems, station and train video surveillance systems, broadcasting systems, passenger information systems, passenger guidance systems, tunnel evacuation guidance systems, emergency lighting systems, smoke control systems, fire alarm systems, gas fire suppression systems, flood prevention door systems, equipment monitoring System, shielded door protection system, access control system, electronic patrol system, intrusion alarm system, station and train safety alarm disposal system, control center security alarm disposal system, etc. Meanwhile, dedicated wired and wireless communication systems and police security are also set up. Systems and vehicle parking lot security systems, etc., and equipped with police, security, security and professional management personnel at stations and important facilities. These technologies and measures that belong to traditional security systems have become an important basis for urban rail transit security systems. A large number of non-safety accidents have also been effectively disposed of through traditional security measures.

3. Non-traditional safety precautions have played an important role in special occasions Urban rail transit construction is often faced with complex and poor geological conditions, especially for rail transit in southern cities such as Guangzhou, which must cross rivers, geological faults, caverns, and other adverse geological environments. If there is another terrorist attack or vandalism; the consequences will be very serious. At present, the international counter-terrorism and anti-riot situation is still very grim. To prevent the gas-fire incidents of the Tokyo Metro Sarin, the Daegu metro fire incident in South Korea, and the London underground bombings, governments of all countries, such as Finland, France, Britain, and Japan, are in a row. The adoption of non-traditional safety precautions has improved the protection level of urban rail transit and has played an active role. Due to technical and financial reasons in our country, non-traditional security precautions have not yet been fully implemented.

During the special period when major events were held in China, such as during the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, during the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, and during the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, the local government not only promoted the entire city in order to prevent terrorist attacks or the destruction of willful criminals. The level of safety precautions has also greatly increased the strength of armed police, civilian police, security personnel, militiamen, and volunteers in the urban rail transit system to assist in the prevention of safety. Radiological detection devices and toxic gas detection devices have been installed at stations and out of population. Dangerous goods and explosives detection devices, such as the installation of explosives disposal devices and other non-traditional safety precautions at stations, have provided important protection for the special safety precautions of urban rail transit and have played an important role.

4. Safety Regulations and Standards Lagged Behind, Safety Precaution Measures Are Insufficient Since the "9.11" incident in the United States in 2001, international terrorist incidents have continued to occur, which has given rise to high priority in urban rail transit safety precautions. The technical standards of the Ministry of Engineering Construction were implemented on December 1, 2004, and local standards were successively introduced: Shanghai Municipality, Requirements for Safety Technology Precaution System for Important Parts of Major Units - Urban Rail Transit in 2007 Implemented on September 1st, Shenzhen Municipality, “Guidelines for the Configuration of the Safety Precaution System for Urban Rail Transit Police” was implemented on July 1, 2008. Tianjin’s “Technical Code for the Metro Safety Precaution System” was implemented on May 1, 2009, Beijing Municipality. The Technical Requirements for Safety Precaution for Urban Rail Transit was implemented on August 1, 2009. However, due to the delay in the introduction of safety precautions and regulations, and due to the limitations of technical conditions at that time, the construction of urban rail transit lines, safety precautions, and rescue facilities were relatively backward before the 1990s; even after the 1990s, Shanghai Cities such as Guangzhou have used foreign capital to build urban rail transit systems and adopted further digestion. Absorption and re-innovation have made a qualitative leap in China's urban rail transit level, but safety precautions according to peacetime configuration still have deficiencies and it is difficult to prevent them from being organized. There were premeditated terrorist attacks and major emergencies. In the 21st century, with the rapid development of automation technology, intelligent technology, computer technology, and information technology, the rapid development of security technology will be promoted, and it will certainly prompt the revision of standards and regulations.

Impact of Domestic and International Situations on China's Urban Rail Transit Safety Precaution 1. The rapid development of urban rail transport brings new opportunities and new challenges to the construction of safety precautions. Along with the rapid development of China's economy, as well as the acceleration of urbanization and the process of motorization of transportation, The total demand of urban residents for travel and the amount of passenger traffic in urban transportation are showing rapid growth. Urban rail transit has characteristics of large traffic volume, high speed, low pollution, less resources, low energy consumption, convenient and comfortable ride, etc. It optimizes urban layout in large and medium cities, activates urban space resources, creates new economic growth points and employment. Opportunities, along with real estate development along the line and the development of the city's commercial circle, enhance the city's international competitiveness and sustainable development, and solve important problems such as urban traffic congestion, energy shortage, efficiency and environmental issues.

In July 2012, the State Council issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Transportation System". In the "planning", the average annual growth rate of a number of transportation indicators has remained above 7.5%. "Planning" also proposed that in order to meet the needs of the development of urban agglomerations, rail transit and highways should be used as backbones to build an intercity rapid network. Specifically, it includes the construction of an inter-city transportation network consisting mainly of rail transportation among the three major urban agglomerations of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. It also promotes the construction of inter-city trunk lines in key development regional urban agglomerations and builds urban traffic circles.

In August, Beijing released the “Television Development Plan for the 12th Five-Year Period” of Beijing Municipality, proposing to vigorously develop rail transit and establish the backbone of rail transit in the urban public passenger transport system. The plan proposes that in 2015, the total mileage of the rail transit network in Beijing will reach 660 kilometers. To this end, it is necessary to speed up the construction of new rail transit lines, increase the scale of the network, and increase the density of the central city line.

At the beginning of September, the website of the National Development and Reform Commission announced the news that the rail transit construction plans for many cities across the country were approved, and signs of speeding up in urban rail transit construction. The news of the approval of the recent rail transit construction plans in seven cities including Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Xiamen and Changzhou was approved, and plans for the adjustment of construction plans in cities including Harbin and Shanghai were approved. In addition, the planning of regional rail transit railways along the inter-city rail network of cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province and inter-city railway planning in the Hubao E region of Inner Mongolia was approved.

In October, the State Council held an executive meeting to study and deploy priority cities in the development of public transportation. People in the industry believe that urban rail transit, which is an important component of urban public transportation, is expected to usher in rapid development in the near future.

Through the above analysis, we can see that China is advancing urban rail transit construction at a rate that is rare in the world. As of the end of 2012, the total mileage of rail transit operations in the country reached 2042 kilometers, an increase of 21.76% compared with 2011's 1677 kilometers. In fiscal year 2012, there are 35 cities across the country that are constructing rail transit lines, and the estimated total investment is about 260 billion yuan. In 2013, more than 10 cities including Xi’an, Tianjin, Chongqing, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Kunming, Qingdao, Wuxi and Dongguan will be approved for a new round of rail transit construction plans. Xuzhou, Wenzhou and other cities will be approved as new cities. . In 2013, the scale of urban rail investment is expected to reach 280 billion yuan to 290 billion yuan.

It is understood that at present, China has become the world's largest market for urban rail transit construction. The rapid development of urban rail transit has made the safety and security system of subways and the importance of safe operation and management increasingly prominent. As an important component of urban rail transit security, security products and technologies will play an increasingly important role in rail transit operations. Video surveillance system, access control system, security integrated management, security inspection equipment.

At present, the state has approved the recent construction plans for 29 urban rail transit, and more than 1,500 kilometers of lines are under construction. China's "12th Five-Year Plan" energy-saving emission reduction and the construction of a low-carbon transportation system will further promote the development of urban rail transit. It is estimated that by 2015, China will have 40 cities to build urban rail transit with a total length of 2,600 kilometers and a total investment of more than 12,000 billion yuan. As an important part of urban rail transit, the safety precaution project will usher in new opportunities and challenges along with the rapid development of urban rail transit construction in China.

2. The existence of terrorist attacks and intentional crimes in urban rail transit threatens the urban rail transit traffic with weaker anti-risk ability, and the safety precautions are more difficult; once an emergency occurs, it may result in heavy casualties and property losses, resulting in undesirable social impact. In particular, in recent years, due to the threat of terrorists and intentional criminals, accidents at home and abroad in urban rail transit have occurred from time to time. For example, on February 18, 2003, an artificial arson occurred on the Daegu Metro in South Korea, killing 198 people. 147 people were injured; in July 2005, a series of explosions occurred on the London Underground; at least 49 people were killed and more than 700 were injured. All countries in the world attach great importance to this and have taken various safety precautions to prevent new terrorist attacks. Urban rail transit in China is also threatened by terrorist attacks and intentional crimes. To deal with these threats or minimize the damages after being attacked, we must further strengthen the construction of urban rail transit safety prevention in China.

3. The difficulty in construction of safety precautions and the increase in investment pressure The continuous expansion of the scale of urban rail transit construction has increased the technical strength and management level of construction units, survey and design, construction, supervision and other participating units, but some new rail transit has been added. The construction units of the construction industry are relatively weak in technical strength and management level, and there are many new and newly opened lines, and there are serious shortages of professional and technical personnel for security prevention, lack of professional training, and the conduct of anti-terrorism and disaster prevention with foreign counterparts. The opportunity for learning to communicate may cause defects in the safety protection function of the urban rail transit system. The demand for urban rail transit construction funds is huge. The average construction cost of underground lines is 560-600 million yuan per kilometer. If a city is to build a 300-kilometer line, it is estimated that it will need more than 150 billion yuan, and the financing pressure of the government is very huge. In order to ensure that urban rail transit has sufficient capacity to prevent terrorist attacks and intentional crimes, non-traditional security facilities, such as physical defense and technical defense measures, must be deployed. The deployment of these facilities must ensure that passengers pass their capabilities and they must also be capable of detecting each Dangerous goods are very difficult to construct, and at present, these non-traditional security devices still need to be resolved mainly by import, and investment pressures are further increased.

4. Security precautions gradually lead to networked urban rail transit. The initial stage of construction is to start from a single line and form a single-line security system. With the increase of the number of opened lines, the time and space span of emergency response is even greater. After the line network is partially in an emergency state, other lines are Rescue assistance and transportation organization plan adjustments must be promptly disposed of. Line network safety precautions must be initiated in a timely manner. A single-line security system cannot meet the security requirements of line networks. Urban rail transit companies that have already formed a line network are all exploring line network network security management that goes from single-line security management to compatibility, scalability, and efficiency.

In terms of specific analysis, the security products of China's urban rail transit market are mainly divided into video surveillance, access control and entrance and exit control, dangerous goods detection, and physical protection. According to statistics of Frost & Sullivan, from the perspective of the investment structure of urban rail transit construction, the investment for security in a line construction project is more than 10 million yuan. In 2009, in the sales of security products in China's rail transit market, video surveillance accounted for the largest share of 402 million yuan, followed by access control and entrance/exit control, which was 104 million yuan. Other parts included security products such as dangerous goods detection and physical protection.

At present, local governments are enthusiastic about the construction of urban rail transit for investment because of the continuous support of national policies and the development of urban rail transit that drives real estate development along the route. This kind of enthusiasm is reflected in the scale of investment. In 2009, the country's investment in urban rail transit construction increased significantly, with a growth rate of 58%. Frost & Sullivan predicts that due to factors such as national policy encouragement, in the next few years, China's urban rail transit construction investment growth rate will remain at 13% or more. There are a large number of enterprises engaged in the production of security products in China. In 2009, there were more than 3,000 security-related enterprises in Shenzhen alone, including more than 1,200 production-oriented enterprises and 1,800 distributors and engineering companies. However, because of the large scale, long cycle, and strict project project management requirements of urban rail transit projects, there are not many security companies that have the strength to enter the industry. In addition, urban rail transit construction projects are public utilities. Product procurement, project contracting, etc. are mostly carried out in the form of bidding and bidding, and companies that have the ability to independently take on security objectives are even more numerous. In most cases, the product manufacturer and the project contractor jointly bid and participate in project construction.

In the bidding for urban rail transit security projects, access control and entrance and exit control items are generally included in access control systems or "integrated monitoring packages." Most of the access control and entrance and exit control products used in urban rail transit projects are produced by the public, and the project contractor is responsible for the project construction related to access control.

Urban Rail Traffic Safety Requirements and Suggestions 1. The safety regulations and technical specifications should be strictly implemented. At present, China has issued the national standard "Technical Specifications for Safety Precautions" and its accompanying technical specifications. The design, construction and use of urban rail transit safety precautions should be further improved in accordance with the requirements of national standards. . We must conscientiously implement the "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Strengthening the Construction of Security Facilities for Urban Rail Transit" promulgated in June 2010, add safety precautions design specifications to the "Metro Design Code," and ensure safety facilities and rail transportation. Facilities are synchronized and used simultaneously. Due to the delays in the design and implementation of safety precautions for urban rail transit, urban rail transit projects already under construction and under construction that are not designed and constructed in accordance with standards should be re-evaluated for their safety protection capabilities, and for urban railroads that do not meet safety requirements. In the transportation system, funds should be implemented to rectify and improve the overall safety precautions and emergency handling capabilities of the urban rail transit network.

2. The national standards related to safety precautions and technical standards systems and current urban rail transit safety precautions mainly include "Technical Specifications for Safety Precautions", "Code for the Design of Video Security Monitoring Systems," and "Code for the Design of Intrusion Alarm Systems", " "Video security monitoring digital video equipment", "Safety alarm equipment safety requirements and test methods", related industry standards "Video Security Monitoring System Technical Requirements", "Video Security Monitoring System Matrix Switching Equipment General Technical Requirements", "Video Security Monitoring System Front-End Equipment Control Protocol V1.0, Rules for Acceptance of Security Systems, Technical Requirements for Lightning Surge Protection of Safety Surveillance Systems, and Procedures and Requirements for Safety Precautions against Engineering. Cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Shenzhen have successively formulated local regulations on the safety and prevention of urban rail transit in recent years. The promulgation and implementation of these regulations and norms have provided effective guidance for the safety prevention of urban rail transit. Due to the delay in the introduction of safety standards and regulations for the safety of urban rail transit in China, safety and security regulations and technical standards and urban rail transit regulations and standards need to be further integrated. For example, the design requirements for safety precautions in the “Metro Design Code” still do not meet the safety requirements for urban rail transit under the new situation. The requirements of relevant regulatory documents lack the support of technical standards, such as the current planning and design of urban rail transit. It is difficult to meet the requirements of the “Prohibition of passengers from carrying flammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive, and corrosive dangerous goods” proposed in Article 13 of the “Administrative Measures for Operation of Urban Rail Transit”. As a large system, urban rail transit must be determined by people, objects, and the environment. To implement regulatory requirements, we must rely not only on the conscious of the passengers and the responsibility of the staff, but also on equipment, facilities, and systems. Only by taking reliable measures can it be achieved.

3. Perfection of safety precautions Emergency response mechanism In the case of failure to prevent accidents and disasters, "prevention-based" is the primary principle for safe operation of urban rail transit. It is necessary to further establish and improve the emergency prevention mechanism for safety precautions and attach great importance to the formulation of emergency plans. Rapid response and corrective measures are the key to dealing with emergencies and disasters. Only when a number of emergencies emergency plans are prepared in advance and the ability to respond to emergencies is enhanced, can the casualties and property losses caused by the primary and secondary disasters of the emergency be minimized.

4. Should build a more efficient line network intelligent security management platform Urban rail transit passenger flow, the environment is complex, it is difficult to rely on manpower to make accurate and timely response to a variety of emergencies. Intelligent video analysis technology enables high-speed detection and analysis of video frames to complete traffic statistics, congestion detection, face recognition and other functions, which can greatly reduce the workload of personnel, while improving the accuracy and timeliness of the system, so intelligent Technology will become the main trend in the development of urban rail transit safety precautions. The scale of safety and prevention systems for urban rail transit is increasing, and the traditional island system will not be able to meet the needs of deep-level development of security applications. Only when various security data are collected, processed, and transmitted through the network, can they be discovered in depth. The functions of the security and prevention system, so building a security management platform to achieve three levels of station-level, line-level and network-level networking and real-time transmission of train security data has become an urgent need for urban rail transit systems.

5. An integrated emergency response system should be established. Although the safety and reliability of urban rail transit is much higher than that of other modes of transportation, its ability to resist risks is relatively fragile. Emergency incidents that endanger safety in any one line or station are Including driving equipment set up failures, fires, dangerous chemicals accidents, train rear-end collisions, collisions or even subversion accidents, force majeure natural disasters and geological disasters, human-made terrorist attacks or explosions, etc., will directly affect normal passenger transportation services and Passenger travel plans, even directly affect the safety of passengers or the people's livelihood, the consequences of which are often disastrous. Even in the case of some non-hostile 'nature' incidents, it is highly probable that secondary catastrophes such as mutual trampling will be caused by passenger panic. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an intelligent monitoring and early warning emergency system, an emergency guidance guidance system for broadcasting capacity, a broadcast video information release system, and a rescue linkage system to guide the orderly evacuation of passengers and to prevent greater agricultural disasters caused by panic. . At the same time, it is also necessary to establish and improve the urban rail transit emergency linkage system, realize the integrated urban emergency response function, provide safety assistance and assistance to passengers in time, and further reduce or eliminate the impact of emergency on the people's livelihood.

6. Should develop more efficient and advanced security technologies and equipment. Civil aviation has implemented strict security measures before boarding to play an important role in the safety and protection of civil aviation, but the intensive, convenient, and open nature of urban rail transportation makes It is difficult for the urban rail transit system to implement the same strict security measures as civil aviation. In view of this, we should learn from foreign advanced security technologies and make R&D more efficient as soon as possible. More advanced security technologies and equipment to respond to terrorist attacks and vandalism to meet the urgent need for safe operation of urban rail transit. Such as the development of digital high-definition intelligent image analysis systems and multi-function barrier-free detection equipment with radioactive, biochemical, toxic, flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods, and high-speed large-capacity transmission systems, security management expert system, networked emergency Command platforms, etc., to further improve the level of safety and protection of the urban rail transit industry. The urban rail transit video surveillance has strict qualification conditions for both monitoring equipment and monitoring the overall scheme. It has high requirements for image quality, real-time performance, video quality, and intelligent monitoring level. It requires a long period of time for equipment failure, and requires strict permission management. Search playback requires flexibility. All kinds of safety precautions and equipment and facilities used in urban rail transit should be advanced technology, reliable performance, economical application, strong compatibility and flexible use. At the same time, we must prevent technology from interfering with information, technical prevention, and physical prevention from each other, and can cooperate with and provide human protection measures.

With the arrival of the construction of urban rail transit in China, the construction of urban rail transit security has ushered in new opportunities and challenges. The safety and prevention work of urban rail transit needs the attention and support from the operation and management department, the public security department, and the government. Safety precautions should be implemented strictly in accordance with the requirements of safety regulations and regulations. Security industry and the urban rail transit industry should seize opportunities. Strengthen cooperation, jointly develop advanced and high-efficiency security equipment and products, establish a network security early-warning and emergency management platform, realize integrated emergency response and command, and increase passengers' safety awareness and self-rescue capability in order to be in sudden danger. In the event of an efficient disposal, the damage will be minimized and the urban rail transit truly become a safe, fast and comfortable transportation system.