Basic principles for rescue of casualties on the scene of disaster accidents

Accidental injuries and emergencies usually occur at unsafe and unsafe sites, and it takes more than ten minutes or more for professionals to arrive. Therefore, as the “first eyewitness”, we must first assess the situation on the site, pay attention to safety, judge the state of the wounded, distinguish the severity of the injury, and prioritize the situation as far as possible.

The purpose of on-site rescue is to save lives and reduce disability. In the most important and basic premise that life can be saved and injuries and illnesses prevented from further deterioration, attention should be paid to reducing the incidence of disability and minimizing the pain. Attention should be paid to those who are conscious, and psychological care should be taken care of for future wounded people. Physical and mental comprehensive rehabilitation to lay a good foundation. In short, we must keep in mind that the principle of on-site rescue is: first help, and then after injury.

- Quickly determine fatal injuries;
- keep the airway open;
- Maintain cycle stability;
- Breathing cardiac arrest Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Whether it is in the workplace, at home or on the street, or in a complex and dangerous scene, when a critically wounded person is found, the “first witness” needs to do the following for the wounded:

(1) Be calm, be bold, be responsible, and judge scientifically.
(2) Assess the site to ensure the safety of itself and the wounded.
(3) Distinguish between priorities and priorities, first save lives, then treat injuries, and decisively implement rescue measures.
(4) If possible, take measures to reduce the pain of the wounded.
(5) Make full use of the human and material resources available to assist the rescue.

(1) Self-help and mutual rescue

1. Emergency call for help

When an emergency disaster occurs, call the ambulance 120 or 110 as soon as possible, or call the local medical department responsible for the first aid task.

2. After the first life-saving treatment, minor injury after serious injury

In the rescue work of the accident, do not be disturbed by a hesitancy, be guilty of being yelled by the light wounded, make the wounded in the final looting, be in a state of dying, or have died, so be sure to save the wounded General principles.

3. Grab the rescue first, grab the rescue, and escape the accident as soon as possible

In the scene where an accident may occur again or other accidents may occur, such as a site where the fire may cause an explosion, it is necessary to grab the rescue, grab the rescue, and get out of the accident as soon as possible to avoid explosions or harmful gas poisoning, so as to ensure the rescuer and the injured. Security.

4. First sort and then transport

Regardless of injuries, minor injuries, even severe bleeding, severe lacerations, visceral injuries, or head injury, emergency hospitals are sent to the hospital without a medical examination or any medical emergency. The consequences are very serious. Therefore, we must insist on the first classification of injuries, the wounded concentrated in the same area of ​​the ambulance, some wounded people must wait for the injury before they can be transported.

5. Medical personnel are mainly responsible for salvaging, others are mainly robbed

Ambulance personnel should take responsibility and cooperate with each other so as not to delay the rescue. The medical personnel who normally arrive at the scene should be responsible for the organization and command of the on-site rescue.

6. Eliminate wounded trauma

All life-threatening stimuli can have a strong psychological effect on people, 'and thus affect behavioral activities. The trauma caused to the wounded by the disaster is obvious. In addition to on-site rescue and early treatment, the wounded are relieved of their mental trauma as much as possible.

7. Injury measures

In order to cope with emergencies, employees and citizens should learn and master techniques such as hemostasis, bandaging, fixation, and transportation to perform emergency treatment of the wounded.

8. Correct handling of acute poisoning caused by asphyxiating gas

The scene of accidents involving asphyxiating gases is characterized by suddenness, rapidity, and high fatality. The ambulance personnel should wear protective equipment and properly rescue them to reduce the mortality rate and prevent the ambulance personnel from poisoning.

9. Do your best to protect the accident site

(B) on-site injury, classification of wounded and the establishment of ambulance area signs

In order to reduce the blindness of salvage, save time, and more accurately organize organized rescues according to the injuries, quickly enter the “Green Life Safety Passage”, which is conducive to maximize the role of limited medical staff and put the rescue force into To the wounded who need the most rescue.

1. Classification and treatment principles for classification of wounded

When the number of wounded is large, the injury classification must be carried out. The following methods can be used to make it clear in the rescue plan. The wounded were divided into four types of injuries. Type I wounded was transferred to the hospital as soon as possible for emergency treatment, which significantly reduced the mortality rate. The injury classification is shown in the table:

Injury classification table

2 . Ambulance area sign setting

The method of displaying the location of the ambulance area with a colorful flag is very important for the chaotic rescue scene. Its purpose is to facilitate the accurate rescue and transportation of the wounded. Different types of ambulances have different color flags, as shown in the figure.

Ambulance area category sign

(c) Casualty transfers

When an emergency occurs, it is difficult to avoid deaths and injuries. The timely delivery of the wounded to hospitals with better medical and technical conditions can reduce casualties. Remember to remember: