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As the name suggests, this battery uses liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, usually in a silicon carbide matrix. The operating temperature of a phosphoric acid fuel cell is slightly higher than that of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and an alkaline fuel cell, and is located at about 150 - 200 ° C, but a platinum catalyst on the electrode is still required to accelerate the reaction. The reaction on the anode and cathode is the same as that of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but because of its higher operating temperature, the reaction rate on the cathode is faster than that of the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
working principle:
As shown in the figure, a 100% phosphoric acid electrolyte is used in the battery, which is solid at normal temperature and has a phase transition temperature of 42 °C. Hydrogen fuel is added to the anode and oxidized to protons under the action of a catalyst. Hydrogen protons combine with water to form hydrated protons while releasing two free electrons. The electrons move toward the cathode, while the hydrated protons move toward the cathode through the phosphoric acid electrolyte.
The higher operating temperature also makes it more resistant to impurities. When the reactants contain 1-2% carbon monoxide and parts per million sulfur, the phosphoric acid fuel cell can still work.
Phosphoric acid fuel cells are about 40% less efficient than other fuel cells and are also heated longer than proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Although phosphoric acid fuel cells have the above disadvantages, they also have many advantages such as simple structure, stability, low electrolyte volatility, and the like. Phosphoric acid fuel cells can be used as a bus, and many such systems are in operation, but such batteries will not be used in private vehicles in the future. In the past 20 years, a large number of studies have enabled phosphoric acid fuel cells to be successfully applied in fixed languages. Many working devices with a power generation capacity of 0.2 – 20 MW have been installed around the world to power hospitals, schools and small power stations. .