In recent years, low-speed electric vehicles (≤ 70 km/h), which are inexpensive and have extremely low operating costs, have greatly facilitated people’s travel and enriched and satisfied the material life of the masses. Its price is close to the people and it is easy to use. It has been welcomed by third- and fourth-tier urban residents. It sold 700,000 units in 2015. It has grown rapidly in 2016 and its sales volume has exceeded 1 million. However, most low-speed electric vehicles use lead-acid batteries as a power source. Lead-acid batteries have significant cost advantages, but the environmental pollution is serious and has not met the requirements of the “ecological civilization†society proposed by the state. According to incomplete statistics, the current lead recovery rate is less than 30%. The annual lead waste generated exceeds 2.6 million tons, which seriously pollutes the water sources and soil, causing excessive human blood lead levels. Therefore, the lead-free green development of low-speed electric vehicles is imminent. Relying on the Qingdao Institute of Energy Storage Technology under the auspices of the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Energy Storage Technology of Qingdao was established at the beginning of 2012. Based on the urgent needs of the industry, the lead-free low-speed electric vehicle was taken as the main target of work and innovatively proposed. Three solutions for low-cost lithium-ion battery technology, low-cost water-based zinc battery technology, and new magnesium battery technology have been deployed by more than 50 technical teams for technical breakthroughs and progress has been made. In order to implement the "Made in China 2025" and "Industrial Green Development Plan (2016-2020)", and guide enterprises to continue to develop and use green environmental protection raw materials and reduce and reduce the use of hazardous substances, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology prepared and issued the "toxic poisoning encouraged by the State". The list of substitutes for raw materials (products) clearly sets forth the requirements for the replacement of lead-acid batteries with lithium batteries. Low-cost green lithium batteries will usher in a broader market space. Taking market demand as the research focus, and insisting on the R&D principle that research results can be industrialized, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute is committed to the development of low-cost lithium-electric material systems and first proposed and developed low-cost flame-retardant cellulose membranes in China (ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 2013, 5, 128-134; Prog. Polym. Sci., 2014, 43, 136-164.; Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 188, 23-30; Patent No. ZL201110434221.6), using waste carbon electrodes and High-quality coal ore to develop low-cost carbon anodes (Electrochim. Acta, 2016, 196, 603-610, patent number CN201610072072.6), fluorine-free environmentally friendly lithium borate (Coordin. Chem. Rev., 2015, 292, 56-73 J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 7773-7779; Patent No. ZL201210425872.3, ZL201210425838.6) and other low-cost lithium battery materials, applied for 16 patents in the field of low-cost lithium-ion battery materials, published SCI papers. More than 10 articles. At present, a low-cost lithium-ion battery pilot test is implemented. The cost per watt-hour is controlled to 0.5 yuan/Wh, the cost is close to that of lead-acid battery, and the performance is greatly improved. Currently, it is being promoted with related companies. The zinc battery system occupies a place in human energy storage devices with the advantages of low cost and high capacity. The non-toxic and non-polluting characteristics of its use materials and preparation process are more suitable for the green and healthy development of low-speed electric vehicles. Zinc batteries use water-based electrolytes, which have greater cost competitiveness. However, most zinc electrode materials are not stable in aqueous electrolytes, and have many side reactions and poor battery cycle life. In response to the above bottleneck, Qingdao Energy Storage Institute improved the electrochemical behavior of the zinc electrode by using a high-concentration metal-organic salt-based electrolyte, and successfully solved the disadvantages of low charging efficiency and poor cycle life of the zinc battery. At the same time, the electrolyte system significantly improves the potential window of the aqueous electrolyte, and matches the zinc electrode with the high-voltage cathode material. The energy density of the zinc-phosphorus manganese lithium battery based on this electrolyte is 183 Wh/kg (based on The active material) is expected to have a slightly higher energy density than lead-acid batteries (Electrochem. Commun., 2016, 69, 6-10; ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 2015, 7, 26396-26399). Compared to lithium-ion batteries, rechargeable magnesium batteries are a highly secure and low-cost secondary electrochemical energy storage device and are an important solution for lead-free low-speed electric vehicles. Qingdao has a wealth of magnesium resources and has the unique advantage of developing magnesium battery energy storage. Qingdao Energy Storage Institute has creatively proposed a design concept for magnesium salts based on large radius, non-nucleophilic, and borane anions. It has successfully explored the advantages of easy preparation, compatibility with magnesium anodes, high conductivity, non-nucleophilic, non-corrosive sets. Electrolyte system with six performance requirements such as fluid and wide potential window (Adv. Energy Mater., DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201602055); Qingdao Energy Storage Institute has also developed a new type of pyrolytic graphite film collector material with high conductivity and corrosion resistance. System (J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 2277-2285). In this technology, based on the development of the new low-cost magnesium-sulfur battery energy density of 900Wh/kg (calculated based on the active material), the device's energy density is expected to 300Wh/kg. The new battery design concept provides direction and ideas for the future development of low-cost magnesium batteries. The development of low-cost lithium battery technology and forward-looking research on new magnesium and zinc batteries will inevitably accelerate the progress of environmentally friendly green lead-free low-speed electric vehicles, and guide the transformation and upgrade of low-speed electric vehicles, which will make a huge contribution to the industrial green development of Shandong and even China. Technical contribution. 125mm Wall Chaser Groove Cutting Machine
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