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I. Import and export situation and characteristics of machine tool industry 1. In 2007, exports grew at a high speed, and the growth rate of imports declined. In 2007, the export of machine tools and tools continued to maintain rapid growth. According to customs statistics, the total import and export volume was 15.879 billion US dollars, up 16.6% over the previous year (the same below), of which imports were 11.46 billion US dollars, an increase of 9.72%, an increase of 11.78% over 2006, down 2.06 percentage points; exports of 4.527 billion US dollars, The increase was 38.62%. The trade deficit between import and export was US$6.933 billion. The import and export of metal processing machine tools was 8.723 billion US dollars, up 3.48% over the previous year (the same below), of which: exports were 1.651 billion US dollars, an increase of 40.4%, high-speed growth, of which 13354 sets of CNC machine tools exported, 373 million US dollars, an increase of 46.86%; processing The center exported 738 units, with a price of 52.24 million US dollars, an increase of 68.36%. The two items together accounted for 25.74% of the total exports, which accounted for a slight increase from 2006 (24.02%). Exports account for the largest share of the United States, the following are Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, India, South Korea, Australia, the United Kingdom. Imports reached US$7.072 billion, down 2.3%, of which CNC machine tools imported 25,400 units, US$3.182 billion, up 14.49%; processing centers imported 13,800 units, US$1.725 billion, up 9.08%. The total of the two items accounted for 69.38% of the total imports, and the proportion was higher than that of 2006 (60.2%). The main products of high-speed import growth are: Longmen machining center, CNC horizontal lathe, CNC milling machine, CNC tool grinding machine, CNC gear processing machine, CNC bending machine, CNC plate with cross-cutting machine, CNC punch, machine tool accessories, CNC device, Machine parts and tools. The maximum amount of imports from Japan is as follows: Taiwan, Germany, South Korea, Italy, Switzerland, the United States, and the proportion. The trade deficit of metal processing machine tool import and export trade was 5.421 billion US dollars, a decrease of 636 million US dollars from the previous year's 6.057 billion US dollars. In 2007, the import and export of metal processing machine tools has the following two distinctive features: First, the negative growth of import growth this year is the first time in many years. In addition to the rapid growth of exports, the annual trade deficit has decreased for the first time compared with the previous year. The import and export volume of several machine tools and machining centers has increased the proportion of the import and export of metal processing machine tools, indicating that the structure of import and export products has improved and the product grade has improved. 2. Import and export of metal processing machine tools from 1999 to 2007 According to customs statistics, imports of metal processing machine tools increased from 1999 to 2006, with the fastest growth in 2004, with an import value of 5.915 billion US dollars, compared with the previous year ( The same below) increased by 43.3%. However, since 2007, although the import value is still relatively large, the growth rate has decreased compared with the same period of last year, which is a phenomenon that has never been seen before. Customs statistics show that in 2007, imports were 7.072 billion US dollars, down 2.3%. The export situation is generally very good. Except for a slight decline (-3%) in 2001, all other years are growth, especially since 2004, the annual growth rate is above 40%. This is a phenomenon that has never been seen before. . Despite the rapid growth of exports, due to the large import volume, the import and export deficit is still rising year by year, especially in 2004, the deficit increased sharply to 5.376 billion US dollars (2003 deficit of 3.751 billion US dollars), and the deficit in 2006 has reached 6.057 billion US dollars. In 2007, due to the decline in the growth rate of imports and the rapid growth of exports, the deficit has decreased from the previous year. 3. Analysis of Import and Export Situation in 2008 Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out in the government work report on March 5 that according to the domestic and international economic situation and the requirements of macro-control tasks, this year we must implement a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy. Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Focusing on key areas such as large-scale clean and efficient power generation equipment, high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, we will promote independent research and development and localization of major equipment, key components and components. Expand the breadth and depth of opening up and increase the level of open economy. While maintaining steady growth of exports, we will accelerate the transformation of foreign trade development methods, optimize export structure, encourage the export of independent intellectual property rights and independent brands, and improve the quality, grade and added value of export products. Expand service exports and develop service outsourcing. Actively expand imports, focusing on the import of advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials and key components and components. According to customs statistics, in January-February this year, the export of mechanical and electrical products was 115.14 billion US dollars, up 20.5%, and the growth momentum was very good; the import was 80.15 billion US dollars, up 18.1%, of which the import of automobiles was 62,000, an increase of 82.6%. According to the above situation, the current machine tool industry should pay attention to the following issues: (1) The growth rate of fixed assets investment in the machinery industry may fall back. In 2007, the growth rate of fixed assets investment in the machinery industry was above 40%. It is expected that this growth rate will be difficult to achieve in 2007. The equipment needed for investment in the machinery industry is mainly machine tools, so the whole industry must have the ideological preparation for fluctuations in domestic market demand. (2) The US subprime mortgage crisis has led to a decline in the US and even the world economy, which has reduced the demand in the international market and will affect the export of our products. (3) The appreciation of the RMB against the US dollar will seriously affect exports. So far, since the exchange rate reform in China, the exchange rate of the RMB against the US dollar has appreciated by more than 16%, and it is still in the process of appreciation. According to preliminary analysis, the export of China's machine tool industry will continue to increase this year, but the growth rate will slow down, imports will continue to grow, and the growth rate of high-end CNC machine tools and their key components will accelerate. 2. China's import and export policy on machinery products 1. Policy measures to accelerate the transformation of export growth of machinery products during the 11th Five-Year Plan In 2006, the State Council forwarded the documents of the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 9 departments, and proposed to accelerate the transformation during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. Policy measures for the growth of export of mechanical and electrical products. It is required to seize the opportunity of a new round of global production factor flow and industrial transfer, based on the independent innovation of enterprises and the improvement of international competitiveness, implement the export brand strategy of mechanical and electrical products, strengthen the construction of export production system, adjust the export structure, improve product quality, and increase technical content. And value-added, rectify the export order and achieve a fundamental shift in the mode of export growth. Strive to achieve high-tech mechanical and electrical products accounted for 55% of total exports of mechanical and electrical products in 2010, and independent brands and independent intellectual property products accounted for 20% of total exports of mechanical and electrical products. The main contents are as follows: (1) While improving the technical content and added value of traditional export products, efforts should be made to expand the export of products with high technology density and high added value. (2) Encourage enterprises to strengthen the development of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly technologies and products, and gradually introduce environmental, labor insurance, health, social responsibility and other factors into design and production management. (3) Improve the quality of export products, and strive to export enterprises all through ISO9000 quality certification and ISO14000 environmental protection demonstration; promote export companies to obtain relevant international demonstrations of safety, health, resource conservation and social responsibility. (4) Cultivate a large number of independent brand products for export, and give priority support in technical reform, research and development, credit, insurance, and information services. (5) Encourage and guide export enterprises to increase economies of scale through listing, mergers, joints, restructurings, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. (6) Support enterprises to introduce advanced technology and key equipment, and exempt customs duties and import value-added tax in accordance with relevant regulations of the State Council. (7) Strengthen the construction of technological innovation capability of export products, encourage enterprises to set up information and R&D centers overseas, track and master the development trend of advanced technologies, and develop new products. (8) On the basis of consolidating the export markets of Southeast Asia and Europe and the United States, increase the development of emerging markets such as Russia, Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America and India. (9) Use various means such as foreign aid and capital contracting to encourage and support qualified enterprises to invest abroad and drive the export of equipment, capital, technology and materials. (10) Encourage and support enterprises to set up sales organizations in major overseas sales markets, select distribution agents or use sales networks of foreign manufacturers, and establish maintenance service outlets based on this, and do good after-sales service. (11) Use a variety of methods to support exports. This includes arranging some subsidies for technological transformation, SMEs to explore international market funds, expanding export credits, preferential buyer export credits, and establishing a sound credit guarantee system. 2. The export tax rebate policy implements a tax rebate policy for export products, which is conducive to enterprises to reduce costs, enhance competitiveness, and expand exports. The tax rebate for export products refers to the indirect tax (mainly value-added tax) that has been levied in China. The purpose is to allow exported goods to enter the international market without domestic indirect tax prices, and to avoid repeating domestic taxes on transnational mobile goods to promote international trade. development of. This approach is in line with WTO rules and reflects the WTO principles on non-discrimination and fair trade, and has formed internationally accepted practices. Therefore, it is not a preferential policy adopted by individual countries, and it is not a subsidy. China began to implement export tax rebates in 1985. In 1994, the export tax rebate mechanism was reformed. The export tax rebate rate for machinery products was 17%, and most of the agricultural machinery products were 13%. From January 1, 2004, the export tax rebate rate for most machinery products was lowered to 13%, down 4%, of which agricultural machinery products were lowered to 11%, down 2%. The tax rebate is 75% from the central government and 25% from the local finance. Approved by the State Council, on June 19, 2007, after the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation applied for the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Customs, the Ministry of Finance and Taxation [2007] No. 90 issued the "Return on the export tax rebate rate for some commodities." Notice, implemented as of July 1, 2007. The main purpose of this adjustment is to further control the excessive growth of foreign trade exports, alleviate the prominent contradictions brought about by the excessive trade surplus in China, improve the structure of export commodities, curb the export of high energy consumption, high pollution and resource products, and promote foreign trade. The transformation of growth patterns and the balance of import and export trade, reducing trade frictions, promoting the transformation of economic growth patterns and sustainable economic and social development. According to the "Notice", there are 219 customs tax numbers for mechanical products to reduce the export tax rebate rate, including 36 tax numbers for machine tool industry (including 8 digits for 8 digits and 2 for 10 digits), 36 for short. (According to the statistics of China Machinery Industry Federation, the same below), accounting for 24.6% of the import and export statistics of the machine tool industry. The products of tax reduction are divided into two types: one is a product with high energy consumption, high pollution and resources; the other is a product with low technical content and low added value. Some of the products in this tax reduction have a large tax reduction, mainly in three parts: First, there are 17 kinds of abrasive abrasives and related products, and the export tax rebate rate has dropped from 13% to 5%. Including grinding wheels, abrasive cloth, sandpaper, stone grinding, stone grinding, industrial diamonds, etc.; Second, 11 kinds of metal processing tools, the export tax rebate rate reduced from 13% to 5%. Including milling, turning, forging, stamping, boring, reaming, drilling, tapping and other tools, interchangeable tools and band saw blades; three are planers, grooving machines, broaching machines, sawing machines or cutting machines, 8 export tax rebates The rate dropped from 17% to 11%. Including the head planer, planer, slotting machine, broaching machine, sawing machine and cutting machine. At present, the export tax rebate rate for machine tool industry is: (1), metalworking machine tools except for planer, inserting bed, broaching machine, sawing machine or cutting machine is 11%, other machine tools, numerical control devices and casting machinery are 17%; (2) 13% for non-metal processing machines; (3) 13% for metal and non-metal machine tool parts, accessories, workpiece holders, indexing heads, and gauges; (4) Abrasives, forging or stamping tools, and milling Tools such as turning, boring, reaming, drilling, tapping, interchangeable tools and band saw blades are all 5%. In the future, the Chinese government will adjust the export tax rebate rate in a timely manner according to China's industrial policy, import and export trade policy and surplus. 3. Import and export tariff policies Import and export tariffs are an important means of regulating import and export and protecting domestic industries, and are also an important source of state revenue. After China joined the WTO on December 11, 2001, the machinery industry has undergone a five-year transition period, and tariff reductions have all been fulfilled. The average import tariff of the machinery industry dropped from 18.2% in 2000 to 12.3% in 2002, of which mechanical products fell from 14.1% in 2000 to 9.9% in 2002; cars fell from 43.9% in 2000 to 26.9%. In 2003, the average tariff, mechanical products fell to 8.96%, and the car dropped to 23.78%. In 2004, the average tariff, mechanical products fell to 8.31%, and the car dropped to 20.74%. In 2005, the average tariff, mechanical products fell to 8.19%, and the car dropped. To 18.57%. In 2006, mechanical products remained unchanged in 2005, only reducing import tariffs on the automotive industry. The import tariff on cars has dropped from 30% in 2005 to 28% (down to 25% since July 1, 2006); the tariff on auto parts has dropped to 10% on average since July 1, 2006. Import tariffs remained unchanged in 2006. At present, the import tariffs of the machine tool industry are: (1), CNC machine tools, machining centers are 9.7%, but other CNC lathes and CNC portal milling machines 5%, CNC cutting machine tools 7%; (2), combination machine tools, single station 8 %, multi-station 5%; (3) Non-CNC lathe, milling machine, tapping machine, sawing machine, forging or stamping machine, casting machine, broaching machine 12%; (4), non-CNC drilling machine, boring machine, lifting Bench milling machines, surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, internal grinders, sharpening machines, gear processing machines, grinders, polishing machines, planers, inserting machines 15%; (5) Non-CNC boring and milling machines, electric machine tools, straightening Machine tools, bending machines, shearing machines, punching or grooving machines, presses, cold drawing machines, threading machines, non-metallic machine tools for hard materials 10%; (6), non-CNC roll grinders, others Grinding machines, metal honing machines, metal grinding machines 13%; (7), non-metal processing machine tools and parts, gold cutting machine parts, laser processing machines, plasma cutting machines are zero; (8), forming machine parts, hard Material non-metal processing machine parts 6%; (9), Or workpiece fixture, indexing head 7%; (10), turning, milling, forging, stamping tools, measuring tools, abrasive grinding tools 8%; (11), numerical control devices for machine tools (including CNC operating units, whether or not they are There are 5% of matching servo amplifiers and servo motors, and the provisional tax rate is 3% in 2007. Imported machine tool tools, after paying the tariff at the above-mentioned rate of CIF, also pay the import link value-added tax, value-added tax = (CIF + tariff) × 17%, total tax = tariff + value-added tax. 4. Import tax exemption policy On January 22, 2007, the Ministry of Finance issued an announcement to announce the Catalogue of Imported Commodities Not Exempted from Taxation for Domestic Investment Projects (2006 Revision). Since March 1, 2007, new approvals have been issued. Imported equipment for domestic investment projects shall be implemented in accordance with the Catalogue of Imported Commodities Not Subject to Tax Exemption for Domestic Investment Projects (2006 Revision). The new equipment and technical specifications of the new non-tax-free catalogue include some machine tools. These equipments already have manufacturing capabilities in the country, the technical level can meet the requirements, or the market capacity is large, and the domestic production capacity may be formed in a short period of time. Therefore, you can no longer enjoy the benefits of exemption from import duties and import value-added tax. This practice does not violate the WTO rules, because the taxation of imported equipment and the tax rate have been resolved when China entered the WTO. It has been recorded in China's accession protocol. Whether or not tax exemption is a matter for the Chinese government. There are six categories and 115 machine tools in the "New Tax Free Catalogue". Compared with the "Original Non-Tax List", there are the following important adjustments: (1) Non-CNC machine tools. There are only a few non-CNC, small and medium-sized metal cutting machine tools in the original Non-Tax List. The "New Non-Duty-Free Catalogue" has undergone major adjustments, stipulating that all non-CNC machine tools are not subject to tax exemption, including non-CNC metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools, and non-metal machine tools. (2), CNC gold cutting machine. The "New Non-Tax Free Catalogue" has improved the technical specifications of a number of machine tools and measured the machining accuracy. For example, the horizontal turning machining center, the "new non-tax exempt catalogue" stipulates three indicators: repeat positioning accuracy ≥ 0.004mm, machining roundness > 0.001mm, spindle end radial runout ≥ 0.001mm. Another example is the CNC grinding machine, the "new non-tax exempt catalogue" is defined as four indicators: positioning accuracy > 0.006mm, repeat positioning accuracy ≥ 0.003mm, processing roundness > 0.0005mm, grinding wheel line speed ≤ 60m / s. At the same time, some new CNC boring and milling machining centers, CNC heavy-duty horizontal lathes, CNC heavy-duty vertical lathes, CNC heavy-duty grinding machines, CNC gantry milling machines, CNC heavy-duty hobbing machines, CNC boring and milling machines, CNC coordinate boring machines and grinding machines, and combined machine tools have been added. Gantry machining center, etc. (3) Forming machine tools. The "new non-tax exempt catalogue" is stipulated as: ≤ 4000t double-column, four-column universal hydraulic press; all specifications of CNC bending machine; all specifications of CNC die turret press, ≤ 12 × 4000mm CNC strip shearing machine . At the same time, some straightening (flat) machines and forging presses have been added. (4) Woodworking machinery. Woodworking sawing machines, woodworking lathes, single-sided woodworking planers, woodworking planers, woodworking milling machines, woodworking copying machines, four-sided woodworking milling machines and woodworking multi-row drilling machines. The original non-tax exemption list only specifies some specifications. The Duty Free Catalogue is specified for all specifications. (5), foundry machinery. The "new non-tax exempt catalogue" has improved technical specifications than the "original non-tax exempt catalogue": resin sand continuous sand mixer, vibrating sand falling machine, sand blasting machine, crusher, vibration molding machine, 辗 wheel type mixing Sand machine, etc. (6), measuring instrument. The "new non-tax exempt catalogue" has improved technical specifications than the "original non-tax exempt catalogue": gear measuring machine, coordinate measuring machine, roundness meter, surface roughness meter, tool presetter, digital display altimeter, etc. .