The role of viral pesticides in the biological control of cotton bollworm
1. Known methods for controlling cotton bollworm:
The struggle of human beings from the beginning of farming has never stopped, so there is a saying that "the insects catch the grain and the insects catch the cotton." People's control of pests can be divided into several levels due to different measures:
1, artificial catching insects
2, chemical control
After the Second World War, chemical pesticides brought significant economic benefits to humans due to the prevention and control of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and health pests. However, since the 1960s, people have come to realize that while chemical pesticides promote the development of human society, they also cause a series of problems:
(1) Environmental pollution, residual poisons, poisoning of humans and animals;
(2) The resistance of pests has risen steadily, the dosage of drugs has been rising, the cost of prevention and control has been increasing, and it is busy to develop new pesticides endlessly;
(3) Killing natural enemies, destroying the ecological environment, causing re-emergence of pests and secondary outbreaks of secondary pests.
The emergence of these drawbacks has led people to re-emphasize the potential significance of biological control.
3. Comprehensive prevention
Take the cotton bollworm as an example, the main means are:
(1) Agricultural control: autumn tillage and winter irrigation, lowering the winter base, adjusting planting structure, strengthening field management, and selecting pest-resistant varieties or short-season varieties to avoid pest damage.
(2) Using tropism and attractants to trap: such as the willow moth, light moth, sexual attractant trap.
(1) Rational application of chemical pesticides.
4. Biological control
(1) Comprehensive use of various measures to protect and utilize natural enemies.
For example, the natural enemies of cotton bollworms include various parasitic wasps, ladybugs, small flower buds, grasshoppers, spiders, etc. Many species can be artificially propagated and released into the field, and the number of pest populations can be controlled for a long time by creating an environment conducive to natural enemies. . Reasonable arrangement of planting structure, less or no chemical pesticides is beneficial to the proliferation of natural enemies. A thing is lowered to achieve the purpose of pest control.
(2) Use of biological pesticides
5, natural prevention
When comprehensive prevention and control have achieved results, especially after the biological control has restored the benign ecological cycle of farmland, natural enemies continue to effectively control pest damage, and no measures (such as pesticide application, including viral microbial pesticides) can be taken to control pests to control pest damage at economic threshold. the following.
Second, the status and role of viral insecticides in the comprehensive control or biological control of cotton bollworm
1. The important feature of insect viruses in the prevention and control of pests is their specificity to the host. It is an ideal means of prevention and control in the integrated control system. It is beneficial to control pests (not all passers-by). The potential of insects is exploited. The participation of virus pesticides in bio-control is an ecological control method. The purpose is not to completely eliminate pests, but to control the population of host pests on which the natural enemies survive to be below the economic threshold, restore the benign ecological cycle of farmland, and finally obtain the maximum benefit. .
2. The biggest advantage of using virus insecticides to control pests is that the target field sprayed with viral insecticides not only has an infection-causing effect on contemporary target pests, but also passes the feces, adults, eggs and dead larvae of susceptible larvae. The corpse can infect the next generation of larvae, the virus proliferates in the host population, and even spreads epidemics, leaving the target host at a low level for several years;
3. Viral insecticides have the advantages that general biological pesticides do not pollute the environment, do not harm natural enemies, are highly safe for humans and animals, and are not susceptible to pests. In addition, recent studies have shown that the virus has a certain "weakening" effect on host insects, which can weaken the ability of infected host to fly, reduce the rate of egg production and hatching, and degrade other physiological functions, causing the natural mortality rate to rise. The resistance is also significantly reduced, which is advantageous for the integrated control of pests.
4. People have fully realized that the protection of the ecological environment and the sustainable development of agriculture have become the two central problems facing humanity in the 21st century. The core connotation and basic characteristics of biological control are its integration with the ecological environment and sustainable development. Unity. Biological control is the inevitable development of science and technology in human society. Insect virus insecticides are powerful weapons for modern agricultural engineering that meet the requirements and development of the times and target organic food.
1. Known methods for controlling cotton bollworm:
The struggle of human beings from the beginning of farming has never stopped, so there is a saying that "the insects catch the grain and the insects catch the cotton." People's control of pests can be divided into several levels due to different measures:
1, artificial catching insects
2, chemical control
After the Second World War, chemical pesticides brought significant economic benefits to humans due to the prevention and control of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and health pests. However, since the 1960s, people have come to realize that while chemical pesticides promote the development of human society, they also cause a series of problems:
(1) Environmental pollution, residual poisons, poisoning of humans and animals;
(2) The resistance of pests has risen steadily, the dosage of drugs has been rising, the cost of prevention and control has been increasing, and it is busy to develop new pesticides endlessly;
(3) Killing natural enemies, destroying the ecological environment, causing re-emergence of pests and secondary outbreaks of secondary pests.
The emergence of these drawbacks has led people to re-emphasize the potential significance of biological control.
3. Comprehensive prevention
Take the cotton bollworm as an example, the main means are:
(1) Agricultural control: autumn tillage and winter irrigation, lowering the winter base, adjusting planting structure, strengthening field management, and selecting pest-resistant varieties or short-season varieties to avoid pest damage.
(2) Using tropism and attractants to trap: such as the willow moth, light moth, sexual attractant trap.
(1) Rational application of chemical pesticides.
4. Biological control
(1) Comprehensive use of various measures to protect and utilize natural enemies.
For example, the natural enemies of cotton bollworms include various parasitic wasps, ladybugs, small flower buds, grasshoppers, spiders, etc. Many species can be artificially propagated and released into the field, and the number of pest populations can be controlled for a long time by creating an environment conducive to natural enemies. . Reasonable arrangement of planting structure, less or no chemical pesticides is beneficial to the proliferation of natural enemies. A thing is lowered to achieve the purpose of pest control.
(2) Use of biological pesticides
5, natural prevention
When comprehensive prevention and control have achieved results, especially after the biological control has restored the benign ecological cycle of farmland, natural enemies continue to effectively control pest damage, and no measures (such as pesticide application, including viral microbial pesticides) can be taken to control pests to control pest damage at economic threshold. the following.
Second, the status and role of viral insecticides in the comprehensive control or biological control of cotton bollworm
1. The important feature of insect viruses in the prevention and control of pests is their specificity to the host. It is an ideal means of prevention and control in the integrated control system. It is beneficial to control pests (not all passers-by). The potential of insects is exploited. The participation of virus pesticides in bio-control is an ecological control method. The purpose is not to completely eliminate pests, but to control the population of host pests on which the natural enemies survive to be below the economic threshold, restore the benign ecological cycle of farmland, and finally obtain the maximum benefit. .
2. The biggest advantage of using virus insecticides to control pests is that the target field sprayed with viral insecticides not only has an infection-causing effect on contemporary target pests, but also passes the feces, adults, eggs and dead larvae of susceptible larvae. The corpse can infect the next generation of larvae, the virus proliferates in the host population, and even spreads epidemics, leaving the target host at a low level for several years;
3. Viral insecticides have the advantages that general biological pesticides do not pollute the environment, do not harm natural enemies, are highly safe for humans and animals, and are not susceptible to pests. In addition, recent studies have shown that the virus has a certain "weakening" effect on host insects, which can weaken the ability of infected host to fly, reduce the rate of egg production and hatching, and degrade other physiological functions, causing the natural mortality rate to rise. The resistance is also significantly reduced, which is advantageous for the integrated control of pests.
4. People have fully realized that the protection of the ecological environment and the sustainable development of agriculture have become the two central problems facing humanity in the 21st century. The core connotation and basic characteristics of biological control are its integration with the ecological environment and sustainable development. Unity. Biological control is the inevitable development of science and technology in human society. Insect virus insecticides are powerful weapons for modern agricultural engineering that meet the requirements and development of the times and target organic food.
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